atomic_queue.c

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/*
 *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
 *   (at your option) any later version.
 *
 *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 *   GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
 *   Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA
 */
 
/**
 * $Id: 12ceb6293da8f179a27ae753cafd6712dacd7f38 $
 *
 * @brief Thread-safe queues.
 * @file io/atomic_queue.c
 *
 * This is an implementation of a bounded MPMC ring buffer with per-slot
 * sequence numbers, described by Dmitry Vyukov.
 *
 * @copyright 2016 Alan DeKok (aland@freeradius.org)
 * @copyright 2016 Alister Winfield
 */
 
RCSID("$Id: 12ceb6293da8f179a27ae753cafd6712dacd7f38 $")
 
#include <stdint.h>
#include <stdalign.h>
#include <inttypes.h>
 
#include <freeradius-devel/autoconf.h>
#include <freeradius-devel/io/atomic_queue.h>
#include <freeradius-devel/util/math.h>
 
/*
 *      Some macros to make our life easier.
 */
#define atomic_int64_t _Atomic(int64_t)
#define atomic_uint32_t _Atomic(uint32_t)
#define atomic_uint64_t _Atomic(uint64_t)
 
#define cas_incr(_store, _var)    atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit(&_store, &_var, _var + 1, memory_order_release, memory_order_relaxed)
#define cas_decr(_store, _var)    atomic_compare_exchange_strong_explicit(&_store, &_var, _var - 1, memory_order_release, memory_order_relaxed)
#define load(_var)              atomic_load_explicit(&_var, memory_order_relaxed)
#define acquire(_var)           atomic_load_explicit(&_var, memory_order_acquire)
#define store(_store, _var)     atomic_store_explicit(&_store, _var, memory_order_release)
 
#define CACHE_LINE_SIZE 64
 
/** Entry in the queue
 *
 * @note This structure is cache line aligned for modern AMD/Intel CPUs.
 * This is to avoid contention when the producer and consumer are executing
 * on different CPU cores.
 */
typedef struct CC_HINT(packed, aligned(CACHE_LINE_SIZE)) {
        atomic_int64_t                                  seq;            //!< Must be seq then data to ensure
                                                                        ///< seq is 64bit aligned for 32bit address
                                                                        ///< spaces.
        void                                            *data;
} fr_atomic_queue_entry_t;
 
/** Structure to hold the atomic queue
 *
 * @note DO NOT redorder these fields without understanding how alignas works
 * and maintaining separation. The head and tail must be in different cache lines
 * to reduce contention between producers and consumers. Cold data (size, chunk)
 * can share a line, but must be separated from head and tail and entry.
 */
struct fr_atomic_queue_s {
        alignas(CACHE_LINE_SIZE) atomic_int64_t         head;           //!< Position of the producer.
                                                                        ///< Cache aligned bytes to ensure it's in a
                                                                        ///< different cache line to tail to reduce
                                                                        ///< memory contention.
 
        alignas(CACHE_LINE_SIZE) atomic_int64_t         tail;           //!< Position of the consumer.
                                                                        ///< Cache aligned bytes to ensure it's in a
                                                                        ///< different cache line to tail to reduce
                                                                        ///< memory contention.
                                                                        ///< Reads may still need to occur from size
                                                                        ///< whilst the producer is writing to tail.
 
        alignas(CACHE_LINE_SIZE) size_t                 size;           //!< The length of the queue.  This is static.
                                                                        ///< Also needs to be cache aligned, otherwise
                                                                        ///< it can end up directly after tail in memory
                                                                        ///< and share a cache line.
 
        void                                            *chunk;         //!< The start of the talloc chunk to pass to free.
                                                                        ///< We need to play tricks to get aligned memory
                                                                        ///< with talloc.
 
        alignas(CACHE_LINE_SIZE) fr_atomic_queue_entry_t entry[];       //!< The entry array, also aligned
                                                                        ///< to ensure it's not in the same cache
                                                                        ///< line as tail and size.
};
 
/** Create fixed-size atomic queue
 *
 * @note the queue must be freed explicitly by the ctx being freed, or by using
 * the #fr_atomic_queue_free function.
 *
 * @param[in] ctx       The talloc ctx to allocate the queue in.
 * @param[in] size      The number of entries in the queue.
 * @return
 *     - NULL on error.
 *     - fr_atomic_queue_t *, a pointer to the allocated and initialized queue.
 */
fr_atomic_queue_t *fr_atomic_queue_alloc(TALLOC_CTX *ctx, size_t size)
{
        size_t                  i;
        int64_t                 seq;
        fr_atomic_queue_t       *aq;
        TALLOC_CTX              *chunk;
 
        if (size == 0) return NULL;
 
        /*
         *      Roundup to the next power of 2 so we don't need modulo.
         */
        size = (size_t)fr_roundup_pow2_uint64((uint64_t)size);
 
        /*
         *      Allocate a contiguous blob for the header and queue.
         *      This helps with memory locality.
         *
         *      Since we're allocating a blob, we should also set the
         *      name of the data, too.
         */
        chunk = talloc_aligned_array(ctx, (void **)&aq, CACHE_LINE_SIZE,
                                     sizeof(*aq) + (size) * sizeof(aq->entry[0]));
        if (!chunk) return NULL;
        aq->chunk = chunk;
 
        talloc_set_name_const(chunk, "fr_atomic_queue_t");
 
        /*
         *      Initialize the array.  Data is NULL, and indexes are
         *      the array entry number.
         */
        for (i = 0; i < size; i++) {
                seq = i;
 
                aq->entry[i].data = NULL;
                store(aq->entry[i].seq, seq);
        }
 
        aq->size = size;
 
        /*
         *      Set the head / tail indexes, and force other cores to
         *      see the writes.
         */
        store(aq->head, 0);
        store(aq->tail, 0);
        atomic_thread_fence(memory_order_seq_cst);
 
        return aq;
}
 
/** Free an atomic queue if it's not freed by ctx
 *
 * This function is needed because the atomic queue memory
 * must be cache line aligned.
 */
void fr_atomic_queue_free(fr_atomic_queue_t **aq)
{
        if (!*aq) return;
 
        talloc_free((*aq)->chunk);
        *aq = NULL;
}
 
/** Push a pointer into the atomic queue
 *
 * @param[in] aq        The atomic queue to add data to.
 * @param[in] data      to push.
 * @return
 *      - true on successful push
 *      - false on queue full
 */
bool fr_atomic_queue_push(fr_atomic_queue_t *aq, void *data)
{
        int64_t head;
        fr_atomic_queue_entry_t *entry;
 
        if (!data) return false;
 
        /*
         *      Here we're essentially racing with other producers
         *      to find the current head of the queue.
         *
         *      1. Load the current head (which may be incremented
         *         by another producer before we enter the loop).
         *      2. Find the head entry, which is head modulo the
         *         queue size (keeps head looping through the queue).
         *      3. Read the sequence number of the entry.
         *         The sequence numbers are initialised to the index
         *         of the entries in the queue.  Each pass of the
         *         producer increments the sequence number by one.
         *      4.
         *         a. If the sequence number is equal to the head,
         *         then we can use the entry. Increment the head
         *         so other producers know we've used it.
         *         b. If it's greater than head, the producer has
         *         already written to this entry, so we need to re-load
         *         the head and race other producers again.
         *         c. If it's less than the head, the entry has not yet
         *         been consumed, and the queue is full.
         */
        head = load(aq->head);
 
        /*
         *      Try to find the current head.
         */
        for (;;) {
                int64_t seq, diff;
 
                /*
                 *      Alloc function guarantees size is a power
                 *      of 2, so we can use this hack to avoid
                 *      modulo.
                 */
                entry = &aq->entry[head & (aq->size - 1)];
                seq = acquire(entry->seq);
                diff = (seq - head);
 
                /*
                 *      head is larger than the current entry, the
                 *      queue is full.
                 *      The consumer will set entry seq to entry +
                 *      queue size, marking it as free for the
                 *      producer to use.
                 */
                if (diff < 0) {
#if 0
                        fr_atomic_queue_debug(stderr, aq);
#endif
                        return false;
                }
 
                /*
                 *      Someone else has already written to this entry
                 *      we lost the race, try again.
                 */
                if (diff > 0) {
                        head = load(aq->head);
                        continue;
                }
 
                /*
                 *      See if we can increment the head value
                 *      (and check it's still at its old value).
                 *
                 *      This means no two producers can have the same
                 *      entry in the queue, because they can't exit
                 *      the loop until they've incremented the head
                 *      successfully.
                 *
                 *      When we fail, we don't increment head before
                 *      trying again, because we need to detect queue
                 *      full conditions.
                 */
                if (cas_incr(aq->head, head)) {
                        break;
                }
        }
 
        /*
         *      Store the data in the queue, and increment the entry
         *      with the new index, and make the write visible to
         *      other CPUs.
         */
        entry->data = data;
 
        /*
         *      Technically head can overflow.  Practically, with a
         *      3GHz CPU, doing nothing but incrementing head
         *      uncontended it'd take about 100 years for this to
         *      happen.  But hey, maybe someone invents an optical
         *      CPU with a significantly higher clock speed, it's ok
         *      for us to exit every 9 quintillion packets.
         */
#ifdef __clang_analyzer__
        if (unlikely((head + 1) == INT64_MAX)) exit(1);
#endif
 
        /*
         *      Mark up the entry as written to.  Any other producer
         *      attempting to write will see (diff > 0) and retry.
         */
        store(entry->seq, head + 1);
        return true;
}
 
 
/** Pop a pointer from the atomic queue
 *
 * @param[in] aq        the atomic queue to retrieve data from.
 * @param[out] p_data   where to write the data.
 * @return
 *      - true on successful pop
 *      - false on queue empty
 */
bool fr_atomic_queue_pop(fr_atomic_queue_t *aq, void **p_data)
{
        int64_t                 tail, seq;
        fr_atomic_queue_entry_t *entry;
 
        if (!p_data) return false;
 
        tail = load(aq->tail);
 
        for (;;) {
                int64_t diff;
 
                entry = &aq->entry[tail & (aq->size - 1)];
                seq = acquire(entry->seq);
 
                diff = (seq - (tail + 1));
 
                /*
                 *      Tail is smaller than the current entry,
                 *      the queue is empty.
                 *
                 *      Tail should now be equal to the head.
                 */
                if (diff < 0) {
                        return false;
                }
 
                /*
                 *      Tail is now ahead of us.
                 *      Something else has consumed it.
                 *      We lost the race with another consumer.
                 */
                if (diff > 0) {
                        tail = load(aq->tail);
                        continue;
                }
 
                /*
                 *      Same deal as push.
                 *      After this point we own the entry.
                 */
                if (cas_incr(aq->tail, tail)) {
                        break;
                }
        }
 
        /*
         *      Copy the pointer to the caller BEFORE updating the
         *      queue entry.
         */
        *p_data = entry->data;
 
        /*
         *      Set the current entry to past the end of the queue.
         *      This is equal to what head will be on its next pass
         *      through the queue.  This marks the entry as free.
         */
        store(entry->seq, tail + aq->size);
 
        return true;
}
 
size_t fr_atomic_queue_size(fr_atomic_queue_t *aq)
{
        return aq->size;
}
 
#ifdef WITH_VERIFY_PTR
/** Check the talloc chunk is still valid
 *
 */
void fr_atomic_queue_verify(fr_atomic_queue_t *aq)
{
        (void)talloc_get_type_abort(aq->chunk, fr_atomic_queue_t);
}
#endif
 
#ifndef NDEBUG
 
#if 0
typedef struct {
        int                     status;         //!< status of this message
        size_t                  data_size;      //!< size of the data we're sending
 
        int                     signal;         //!< the signal to send
        uint64_t                ack;            //!< or the endpoint..
        void                    *ch;            //!< the channel
} fr_control_message_t;
#endif
 
 
/**  Dump an atomic queue.
 *
 * Absolutely NOT thread-safe.
 *
 * @param[in] aq        The atomic queue to debug.
 * @param[in] fp        where the debugging information will be printed.
 */
void fr_atomic_queue_debug(FILE * fp, fr_atomic_queue_t *aq)
{
        size_t i;
        int64_t head, tail;
 
        head = load(aq->head);
        tail = load(aq->tail);
 
        fprintf(fp, "AQ %p size %zu, head %" PRId64 ", tail %" PRId64 "\n",
                aq, aq->size, head, tail);
 
        for (i = 0; i < aq->size; i++) {
                fr_atomic_queue_entry_t *entry;
 
                entry = &aq->entry[i];
 
                fprintf(fp, "\t[%zu] = { %p, %" PRId64 " }",
                        i, entry->data, load(entry->seq));
#if 0
                if (entry->data) {
                        fr_control_message_t *c;
 
                        c = entry->data;
 
                        fprintf(fp, "\tstatus %d, data_size %zd, signal %d, ack %zd, ch %p",
                                c->status, c->data_size, c->signal, c->ack, c->ch);
                }
#endif
                fprintf(fp, "\n");
        }
}
#endif