encode.c

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/*
 *   This library is free software; you can redistribute it and/or
 *   modify it under the terms of the GNU Lesser General Public
 *   License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either
 *   version 2.1 of the License, or (at your option) any later version.
 *
 *   This library is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU
 *   Lesser General Public License for more details.
 *
 *   You should have received a copy of the GNU Lesser General Public
 *   License along with this library; if not, write to the Free Software
 *   Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA
 */
 
/**
 * $Id: c17e0d2be0a08136f907c81b90d6202de5f9734a $
 *
 * @file protocols/tacacs/encode.c
 * @brief Low-Level TACACS+ encode functions
 *
 * @copyright 2017 The FreeRADIUS server project
 * @copyright 2017 Network RADIUS SAS (legal@networkradius.com)
 */
 
#include <freeradius-devel/io/test_point.h>
#include <freeradius-devel/protocol/tacacs/tacacs.h>
#include <freeradius-devel/util/dbuff.h>
#include <freeradius-devel/util/rand.h>
#include <freeradius-devel/util/struct.h>
 
#include "tacacs.h"
#include "attrs.h"
 
int fr_tacacs_code_to_packet(fr_tacacs_packet_t *pkt, fr_tacacs_packet_code_t code)
{
        switch (code) {
        case FR_PACKET_TYPE_VALUE_AUTHENTICATION_START:
                pkt->hdr.type = FR_TAC_PLUS_AUTHEN;
                pkt->hdr.seq_no = 1;
                break;
 
        case FR_PACKET_TYPE_VALUE_AUTHENTICATION_PASS:
                pkt->hdr.type = FR_TAC_PLUS_AUTHEN;
                pkt->authen_reply.status = FR_TAC_PLUS_AUTHEN_STATUS_PASS;
                break;
 
        case FR_PACKET_TYPE_VALUE_AUTHENTICATION_FAIL:
                pkt->hdr.type = FR_TAC_PLUS_AUTHEN;
                pkt->authen_reply.status = FR_TAC_PLUS_AUTHEN_STATUS_FAIL;
                break;
 
        case FR_PACKET_TYPE_VALUE_AUTHENTICATION_GETDATA:
                pkt->hdr.type = FR_TAC_PLUS_AUTHEN;
                pkt->authen_reply.status = FR_TAC_PLUS_AUTHEN_STATUS_GETDATA;
                break;
 
        case FR_PACKET_TYPE_VALUE_AUTHENTICATION_GETUSER:
                pkt->hdr.type = FR_TAC_PLUS_AUTHEN;
                pkt->authen_reply.status = FR_TAC_PLUS_AUTHEN_STATUS_GETUSER;
                break;
 
        case FR_PACKET_TYPE_VALUE_AUTHENTICATION_GETPASS:
                pkt->hdr.type = FR_TAC_PLUS_AUTHEN;
                pkt->authen_reply.status = FR_TAC_PLUS_AUTHEN_STATUS_GETPASS;
                break;
 
        case FR_PACKET_TYPE_VALUE_AUTHENTICATION_RESTART:
                pkt->hdr.type = FR_TAC_PLUS_AUTHEN;
                pkt->authen_reply.status = FR_TAC_PLUS_AUTHEN_STATUS_RESTART;
                break;
 
        case FR_PACKET_TYPE_VALUE_AUTHENTICATION_ERROR:
                pkt->hdr.type = FR_TAC_PLUS_AUTHEN;
                pkt->authen_reply.status = FR_TAC_PLUS_AUTHEN_STATUS_ERROR;
                break;
 
        case FR_PACKET_TYPE_VALUE_AUTHENTICATION_CONTINUE:
                pkt->hdr.type = FR_TAC_PLUS_AUTHEN;
                pkt->authen_cont.flags = FR_TAC_PLUS_CONTINUE_FLAG_UNSET;
                break;
 
        case FR_PACKET_TYPE_VALUE_AUTHENTICATION_CONTINUE_ABORT:
                pkt->hdr.type = FR_TAC_PLUS_AUTHEN;
                pkt->authen_cont.flags = FR_TAC_PLUS_CONTINUE_FLAG_ABORT;
                break;
 
        case FR_PACKET_TYPE_VALUE_AUTHORIZATION_REQUEST:
                pkt->hdr.type = FR_TAC_PLUS_AUTHOR;
                break;
 
        case FR_PACKET_TYPE_VALUE_AUTHORIZATION_PASS_ADD:
                pkt->hdr.type = FR_TAC_PLUS_AUTHOR;
                pkt->author_reply.status = FR_TAC_PLUS_AUTHOR_STATUS_PASS_ADD;
                break;
 
        case FR_PACKET_TYPE_VALUE_AUTHORIZATION_PASS_REPLACE:
                pkt->hdr.type = FR_TAC_PLUS_AUTHOR;
                pkt->author_reply.status = FR_TAC_PLUS_AUTHOR_STATUS_PASS_REPL;
                break;
 
        case FR_PACKET_TYPE_VALUE_AUTHORIZATION_FAIL:
                pkt->hdr.type = FR_TAC_PLUS_AUTHOR;
                pkt->author_reply.status = FR_TAC_PLUS_AUTHOR_STATUS_FAIL;
                break;
 
        case FR_PACKET_TYPE_VALUE_AUTHORIZATION_ERROR:
                pkt->hdr.type = FR_TAC_PLUS_AUTHOR;
                pkt->author_reply.status = FR_TAC_PLUS_AUTHOR_STATUS_ERROR;
                break;
 
        case FR_PACKET_TYPE_VALUE_ACCOUNTING_REQUEST:
                pkt->hdr.type = FR_TAC_PLUS_ACCT;
                break;
 
        case FR_PACKET_TYPE_VALUE_ACCOUNTING_SUCCESS:
                pkt->hdr.type = FR_TAC_PLUS_ACCT;
                pkt->acct_reply.status = FR_TAC_PLUS_ACCT_STATUS_SUCCESS;
                break;
 
        case FR_PACKET_TYPE_VALUE_ACCOUNTING_ERROR:
                pkt->hdr.type = FR_TAC_PLUS_ACCT;
                pkt->acct_reply.status = FR_TAC_PLUS_ACCT_STATUS_ERROR;
                break;
 
        default:
                fr_strerror_const("Invalid TACACS+ packet type");
                return -1;
        }
 
        return 0;
}
 
/**
 *      Encode a TACACS+ 'arg_N' fields.
 */
static uint8_t tacacs_encode_body_arg_cnt(fr_pair_list_t *vps, fr_dict_attr_t const *da)
{
        int             arg_cnt = 0;
        fr_pair_t       *vp;
 
        for (vp = fr_pair_list_head(vps);
             vp;
             vp = fr_pair_list_next(vps, vp)) {
                if (arg_cnt == 255) break;
 
                if (vp->da->flags.internal) continue;
 
                if (vp->da == attr_tacacs_packet) continue;
 
                /*
                 *      Argument-List = "foo=bar"
                 */
                if (vp->da == da) {
                        if (vp->vp_length > 0xff) continue;
                        arg_cnt++;
                        continue;
                }
 
                fr_assert(fr_dict_by_da(vp->da) == dict_tacacs);
 
                /*
                 *      Recurse into children.
                 */
                if (vp->vp_type == FR_TYPE_VENDOR) {
                        arg_cnt += tacacs_encode_body_arg_cnt(&vp->vp_group, NULL);
                        if (arg_cnt > UINT8_MAX) arg_cnt = UINT8_MAX;   /* arg_cnt is one byte on the wire */
                        continue;
                }
 
                /*
                 *      RFC 8907 attributes.
                 */
                if (vp->da->parent->flags.is_root) {
                        arg_cnt++;
                        continue;
                }
 
                if (vp->da->parent->type != FR_TYPE_VENDOR) continue;
 
                arg_cnt++;
        }
 
        return arg_cnt;
}
 
static ssize_t tacacs_encode_body_arg_n(fr_dbuff_t *dbuff, uint8_t arg_cnt, uint8_t *arg_len, fr_pair_list_t *vps, fr_dict_attr_t const *da)
{
        fr_pair_t   *vp;
        uint8_t     i = 0;
        fr_dbuff_t  work_dbuff = FR_DBUFF(dbuff);
 
        for (vp = fr_pair_list_head(vps);
             vp;
             vp = fr_pair_list_next(vps, vp)) {
                int len;
 
                if (i >= arg_cnt) break;
 
                if (vp->da->flags.internal) continue;
 
                if (vp->da == attr_tacacs_packet) continue;
 
                /*
                 *      Argument-List = "foo=bar"
                 */
                if (vp->da == da) {
                        if (vp->vp_length > 0xff) continue;
 
                        /* Append the <arg_N> field */
                        FR_DBUFF_IN_MEMCPY_RETURN(&work_dbuff, vp->vp_strvalue, vp->vp_length);
 
                        FR_PROTO_TRACE("arg[%d] --> %s", i, vp->vp_strvalue);
                        len = vp->vp_length;
 
                } else if (vp->vp_type == FR_TYPE_VENDOR) {
                        ssize_t slen;
                        uint8_t child_argc;
 
                        /*
                         *      Nested attribute: just recurse.  Count the children the same way as the arg_cnt in
                         *      the header, which skips children that are not encoded as arguments.
                         */
                        child_argc = tacacs_encode_body_arg_cnt(&vp->vp_group, NULL);
                        if (child_argc > (arg_cnt - i)) child_argc = arg_cnt - i;
 
                        slen = tacacs_encode_body_arg_n(&work_dbuff, child_argc, &arg_len[i], &vp->vp_group, vp->da);
                        if (slen < 0) return FR_DBUFF_ERROR_OFFSET(slen, fr_dbuff_used(&work_dbuff));
 
                        i += child_argc;
                        continue;
 
                } else if (!vp->da->parent || (!vp->da->parent->flags.is_root && (vp->da->parent->type != FR_TYPE_VENDOR))) {
                        continue;
 
                } else {
                        ssize_t slen;
                        fr_sbuff_t sbuff;
                        fr_dbuff_t arg_dbuff = FR_DBUFF_MAX(&work_dbuff, 255);
                        fr_value_box_t box;
                        char buffer[256];
 
#if defined(__clang_analyzer__) || defined(__COVERITY__)
                        /*
                         *      Neither the clang analyser nor Coverity sees the
                         *      value printed into the buffer through the sbuff,
                         *      and both report the copy out of the buffer as a
                         *      read of uninitialised memory.
                         */
                        memset(buffer, 0, sizeof(buffer));
#endif
 
                        /*
                         *      Print it as "name=value"
                         */
                        FR_DBUFF_IN_MEMCPY_RETURN(&arg_dbuff, vp->da->name, strlen(vp->da->name));
                        FR_DBUFF_IN_BYTES_RETURN(&arg_dbuff, (uint8_t) '=');
 
                        sbuff = FR_SBUFF_OUT(buffer, sizeof(buffer));
 
                        switch (vp->vp_type) {
                                /*
                                 *      For now, we always print time deltas and dates as integers.
                                 *
                                 *      Because everyone else's date formats are insane.
                                 */
                        case FR_TYPE_DATE:
                        case FR_TYPE_TIME_DELTA:
                                fr_value_box_init(&box, FR_TYPE_UINT64, vp->data.enumv, vp->vp_tainted);
                                if (fr_value_box_cast(NULL, &box, FR_TYPE_UINT64, NULL, &vp->data) < 0) {
                                        buffer[0] = '\0';
                                        slen = 0;
                                        break;
                                }
 
                                slen = fr_sbuff_in_sprintf(&sbuff, "%lu", box.vb_uint64);
                                if (slen < 0) {
                                error:
                                        fr_strerror_printf("Failed encoding %s", vp->da->name);
                                        return -1;
                                }
                                break;
 
                        default:
                                slen = fr_pair_print_value_quoted(&sbuff, vp, T_BARE_WORD);
                                if (slen < 0) goto error;
                        }
 
                        FR_DBUFF_IN_MEMCPY_RETURN(&arg_dbuff, buffer, (size_t) slen);
 
                        len = fr_dbuff_used(&arg_dbuff);
 
                        FR_PROTO_TRACE("arg[%d] --> %.*s", i, len, fr_dbuff_start(&arg_dbuff));
 
                        fr_dbuff_set(&work_dbuff, &arg_dbuff);
                }
 
                fr_assert(len <= UINT8_MAX);
 
                FR_PROTO_TRACE("len(arg[%d]) = %d", i, len);
                arg_len[i++] = len;
        }
 
        return fr_dbuff_set(dbuff, &work_dbuff);
}
 
/*
 *      Encode a TACACS+ field.
 */
static ssize_t tacacs_encode_field(fr_dbuff_t *dbuff, fr_pair_list_t *vps, fr_dict_attr_t const *da, size_t max_len)
{
        fr_pair_t  *vp;
        fr_dbuff_t work_dbuff = FR_DBUFF(dbuff);
 
        vp = fr_pair_find_by_da(vps, NULL, da);
        if (!vp || !vp->vp_length || (vp->vp_length > max_len)) return 0;
 
        if (da->type == FR_TYPE_STRING) {
                FR_DBUFF_IN_MEMCPY_RETURN(&work_dbuff, vp->vp_strvalue, vp->vp_length);
        } else {
                FR_DBUFF_IN_MEMCPY_RETURN(&work_dbuff, vp->vp_octets, vp->vp_length);
        }
 
        FR_PROTO_HEX_DUMP(fr_dbuff_start(&work_dbuff), fr_dbuff_used(&work_dbuff), da->name);
 
        return fr_dbuff_set(dbuff, &work_dbuff);
}
 
static ssize_t tacacs_encode_chap(fr_dbuff_t *dbuff, fr_tacacs_packet_t *packet, fr_pair_list_t *vps, fr_dict_attr_t const *da_chap, fr_dict_attr_t const *da_challenge)
{
        fr_pair_t *chap, *challenge;
        fr_dbuff_t work_dbuff = FR_DBUFF(dbuff);
 
        chap = fr_pair_find_by_da(vps, NULL, da_chap);
        if (!chap) {
                packet->authen_start.data_len = 0;
                return 0;
        }
 
        challenge = fr_pair_find_by_da(vps, NULL, da_challenge);
        if (!challenge) {
                fr_strerror_printf("Packet contains %s but no %s", da_chap->name, da_challenge->name);
                return -1;
        }
 
        if (!challenge->vp_length) {
                fr_strerror_printf("%s is empty", da_challenge->name);
                return -1;
        }
 
        if (chap->vp_length <= 1) {
                fr_strerror_printf("%s is too small", da_chap->name);
                return -1;
        }
 
        if ((chap->vp_length + challenge->vp_length) > 255) {
                fr_strerror_printf("%s and %s are longer than 255 octets", da_chap->name, da_challenge->name);
                return -1;
        }
 
        FR_DBUFF_IN_MEMCPY_RETURN(&work_dbuff, chap->vp_octets, 1);
        FR_DBUFF_IN_MEMCPY_RETURN(&work_dbuff, challenge->vp_octets, challenge->vp_length);
        FR_DBUFF_IN_MEMCPY_RETURN(&work_dbuff, chap->vp_octets + 1, chap->vp_length - 1);
 
        packet->authen_start.data_len = chap->vp_length + challenge->vp_length;
 
        return fr_dbuff_set(dbuff, &work_dbuff);
}
 
/*
 *      Magic macros to keep things happy.
 *
 *      Note that the various fields are optional.  If the caller
 *      doesn't specify them, then they don't get encoded.
 */
#define ENCODE_FIELD_UINT8(_field, _da) do { \
        vp = fr_pair_find_by_da(vps, NULL, _da); \
        _field = (typeof(_field))((vp) ? vp->vp_uint8 : 0); \
} while (0)
 
#define ENCODE_FIELD_STRING8(_field, _da) do { \
        ssize_t _slen = tacacs_encode_field(&work_dbuff, vps, _da, 0xff); \
        if (_slen < 0) { \
                fr_strerror_printf("Failed encoding %s", (_da)->name); \
                return -1; \
        } \
        _field = (uint8_t) _slen; \
} while (0)
 
#define ENCODE_FIELD_STRING16(_field, _da) do { \
        ssize_t _slen = tacacs_encode_field(&work_dbuff, vps, _da, 0xffff); \
        if (_slen < 0) { \
                fr_strerror_printf("Failed encoding %s", (_da)->name); \
                return -1; \
        } \
        _field = htons((uint16_t) _slen); \
} while (0)
 
/**
 *      Encode VPS into a raw TACACS packet.
 */
ssize_t fr_tacacs_encode(fr_dbuff_t *dbuff, uint8_t const *original_packet, char const *secret, size_t secret_len,
                         fr_tacacs_packet_code_t code, fr_pair_list_t *vps)
{
        fr_pair_t               *vp;
        fr_tacacs_packet_t      *packet;
        fr_dcursor_t            cursor;
        fr_da_stack_t           da_stack;
        ssize_t                 len = 0;
        size_t                  body_len, packet_len;
        fr_dbuff_t              work_dbuff = FR_DBUFF(dbuff);
        fr_dbuff_marker_t       hdr, body, hdr_io;
        uint8_t                 version_byte = 0;
 
        fr_tacacs_packet_hdr_t const *original = (fr_tacacs_packet_hdr_t const *) original_packet;
 
        if (!vps) {
                fr_strerror_const("Cannot encode empty packet");
                return -1;
        }
 
        /*
         *      Verify space for the packet...
         */
        FR_DBUFF_REMAINING_RETURN(&work_dbuff, sizeof(fr_tacacs_packet_t));
 
        /*
         * 3.4. The TACACS+ Packet Header
         *
         * 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8  1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8  1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8  1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
         * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
         * |major  | minor  |                |                |                |
         * |version| version|      type      |     seq_no     |   flags        |
         * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
         * |                                                                   |
         * |                            session_id                             |
         * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
         * |                                                                   |
         * |                              length                               |
         * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
         */
 
        /*
         *      Let's keep reference for packet header.
         */
        fr_dbuff_marker(&hdr, &work_dbuff);
        /*
         *      Add marker letting us read/write header bytes without moving hdr.
         */
        fr_dbuff_marker(&hdr_io, &work_dbuff);
 
        /*
         *      Handle the fields in-place.
         */
        packet = (fr_tacacs_packet_t *)fr_dbuff_start(&work_dbuff);
 
        /*
         *      Find the first attribute which is parented by TACACS-Packet.
         */
        for (vp = fr_pair_dcursor_init(&cursor, vps);
             vp;
             vp = fr_dcursor_next(&cursor)) {
                if (vp->da == attr_tacacs_packet) break;
                if (vp->da->parent == attr_tacacs_packet) break;
        }
 
        /*
         *      No "Packet" struct to encode.  We MUST have an original packet to copy the various fields
         *      from.
         */
        if (!vp) {
                if (!original) {
                        fr_strerror_printf("%s: No TACACS+ %s in the attribute list",
                                           __FUNCTION__, attr_tacacs_packet->name);
                        return -1;
                }
 
                /*
                 *      Initialize the buffer avoiding invalid values.
                 */
                memset(packet, 0, sizeof(fr_tacacs_packet_t));
 
                /*
                 *      Initialize the reply from the request.
                 *
                 *      Make room and fill up the original header. We shouldn't just copy the original packet,
                 *      because the fields 'seq_no' and 'length' are not the same.
                 */
                FR_DBUFF_ADVANCE_RETURN(&work_dbuff, sizeof(fr_tacacs_packet_hdr_t));
 
        } else if (vp->da == attr_tacacs_packet) {
                fr_dcursor_t child_cursor;
 
                fr_proto_da_stack_build(&da_stack, attr_tacacs_packet);
                FR_PROTO_STACK_PRINT(&da_stack, 0);
 
                fr_pair_dcursor_init(&child_cursor, &vp->vp_group);
 
                /*
                 *      Call the struct encoder to do the actual work,
                 *      which fills the struct fields with zero if the member VP is not used.
                 */
                len = fr_struct_to_network(&work_dbuff, &da_stack, 0, &child_cursor, NULL, NULL, NULL);
                if (len != sizeof(fr_tacacs_packet_hdr_t)) {
                        fr_strerror_printf("%s: Failed encoding %s using fr_struct_to_network()",
                                           __FUNCTION__, attr_tacacs_packet->name);
                        return -1;
                }
                fr_dcursor_next(&cursor);
 
        } else {
                fr_proto_da_stack_build(&da_stack, attr_tacacs_packet);
                FR_PROTO_STACK_PRINT(&da_stack, 0);
 
                /*
                 *      Call the struct encoder to do the actual work,
                 *      which fills the struct fields with zero if the member VP is not used.
                 */
                len = fr_struct_to_network(&work_dbuff, &da_stack, 0, &cursor, NULL, NULL, NULL);
                if (len != sizeof(fr_tacacs_packet_hdr_t)) {
                        fr_strerror_printf("%s: Failed encoding %s using fr_struct_to_network()",
                                           __FUNCTION__, attr_tacacs_packet->name);
                        return -1;
                }
        }
 
        /*
         *      Ensure that we send a sane reply to a request.
         */
        if (original) {
                packet->hdr.version = original->version;
                packet->hdr.type = original->type;
                packet->hdr.flags = original->flags; /* encrypted && single connection */
                packet->hdr.session_id = original->session_id;
 
                /*
                 *      The client may not set SINGLE_CONNECT flag.  So if the administrator has set it in the reply,
                 *      we allow setting the flag.  This lets the server tell the client that it supports "single
                 *      connection" mode.
                 */
                vp = fr_pair_find_by_da_nested(vps, attr_tacacs_flags);
                if (vp) packet->hdr.flags |= (vp->vp_uint8 & FR_TAC_PLUS_SINGLE_CONNECT_FLAG);
        }
 
        /*
         *      Starting here is a 'body' that may require encryption.
         */
        fr_dbuff_marker(&body, &work_dbuff);
 
        /*
         *      Encode 8 octets of various fields not members of STRUCT
         */
        switch (packet->hdr.type) {
        case FR_TAC_PLUS_AUTHEN:
                /*
                 * seq_no
                 *
                 * This is the sequence number of the current packet for the current session.
                 * The first packet in a session MUST have the sequence number 1 and each
                 * subsequent packet will increment the sequence number by one. Thus clients
                 * only send packets containing odd sequence numbers, and TACACS+ servers only
                 * send packets containing even sequence numbers.
                 */
                if (packet_is_authen_start_request(packet)) { /* Start */
                        /**
                         * 4.1. The Authentication START Packet Body
                         *
                         * 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8  1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8  1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8  1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
                         * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
                         * |    action      |    priv_lvl    |  authen_type   | authen_service |
                         * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
                         * |    user_len    |    port_len    |  rem_addr_len  |    data_len    |
                         * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
                         * |    user ...
                         * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
                         * |    port ...
                         * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
                         * |    rem_addr ...
                         * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
                         * |    data...
                         * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
                         */
 
                        /*
                         *      Make room for such body request.
                         */
                        FR_DBUFF_ADVANCE_RETURN(&work_dbuff, sizeof(packet->authen_start));
 
                        /*
                         *      Encode 4 octets of various flags.
                         */
                        ENCODE_FIELD_UINT8(packet->authen_start.action, attr_tacacs_action);
                        ENCODE_FIELD_UINT8(packet->authen_start.priv_lvl, attr_tacacs_privilege_level);
                        ENCODE_FIELD_UINT8(packet->authen_start.authen_type, attr_tacacs_authentication_type);
                        ENCODE_FIELD_UINT8(packet->authen_start.authen_service, attr_tacacs_authentication_service);
 
                        /*
                         *      Encode 4 mandatory fields.
                         */
                        ENCODE_FIELD_STRING8(packet->authen_start.user_len, attr_tacacs_user_name);
                        ENCODE_FIELD_STRING8(packet->authen_start.port_len, attr_tacacs_client_port);
                        ENCODE_FIELD_STRING8(packet->authen_start.rem_addr_len, attr_tacacs_remote_address);
 
                        /*
                         *      No explicit "Data" attribute, try to automatically determine what to do.
                         */
                        if (fr_pair_find_by_da_nested(vps, attr_tacacs_data)) {
                                ENCODE_FIELD_STRING8(packet->authen_start.data_len, attr_tacacs_data);
 
                        } else switch (packet->authen_start.authen_type) {
                                default:
                                        break;
 
                                case FR_AUTHENTICATION_TYPE_VALUE_PAP:
                                        ENCODE_FIELD_STRING8(packet->authen_start.data_len, attr_tacacs_user_password);
                                        break;
 
                                case FR_AUTHENTICATION_TYPE_VALUE_CHAP:
                                        if (tacacs_encode_chap(&work_dbuff, packet, vps, attr_tacacs_chap_password, attr_tacacs_chap_challenge) < 0) return -1;
                                        break;
 
                                case FR_AUTHENTICATION_TYPE_VALUE_MSCHAP: {
                                        int rcode;
 
                                        rcode = tacacs_encode_chap(&work_dbuff, packet, vps, attr_tacacs_mschap_response, attr_tacacs_mschap_challenge);
                                        if (rcode < 0) return rcode;
 
                                        if (rcode > 0) break;
 
                                        if (tacacs_encode_chap(&work_dbuff, packet, vps, attr_tacacs_mschap2_response, attr_tacacs_mschap_challenge) < 0) return -1;
                                        }
                                        break;
                        }
 
                        goto check_request;
 
                } else if (packet_is_authen_continue(packet)) {
                        /*
                         * 4.3. The Authentication CONTINUE Packet Body
                         *
                         * This packet is sent from the client to the server following the receipt of
                         * a REPLY packet.
                         *
                         *  1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8  1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8  1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8  1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
                         * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
                         * |          user_msg len           |            data_len             |
                         * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
                         * |     flags      |  user_msg ...
                         * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
                         * |    data ...
                         * +----------------+
                         */
 
                        /*
                         *      Make room for such body request.
                         */
                        FR_DBUFF_ADVANCE_RETURN(&work_dbuff, sizeof(packet->authen_cont));
 
                        /*
                         *      Encode 2 mandatory fields.
                         */
                        ENCODE_FIELD_STRING16(packet->authen_cont.user_msg_len, attr_tacacs_user_message);
                        ENCODE_FIELD_STRING16(packet->authen_cont.data_len, attr_tacacs_data);
 
                        /*
                         *      Look at the abort flag after encoding the fields.
                         */
                        ENCODE_FIELD_UINT8(packet->authen_cont.flags, attr_tacacs_authentication_continue_flags);
 
                        goto check_request;
 
                } else if (packet_is_authen_reply(packet)) {
                        /*
                         * 4.2. The Authentication REPLY Packet Body
                         *
                         * 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8  1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8  1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8  1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
                         * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
                         * |     status     |      flags     |        server_msg_len           |
                         * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
                         * |           data_len              |        server_msg ...
                         * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
                         * |           data ...
                         * +----------------+----------------+
                         */
 
                        /*
                         *      Make room for such body request.
                         */
                        FR_DBUFF_ADVANCE_RETURN(&work_dbuff, sizeof(packet->authen_reply));
 
                        ENCODE_FIELD_UINT8(packet->authen_reply.status, attr_tacacs_authentication_status);
                        ENCODE_FIELD_UINT8(packet->authen_reply.flags, attr_tacacs_authentication_flags);
 
                        /*
                         *      Encode 2 mandatory fields.
                         */
                        ENCODE_FIELD_STRING16(packet->authen_reply.server_msg_len, attr_tacacs_server_message);
                        ENCODE_FIELD_STRING16(packet->authen_reply.data_len, attr_tacacs_data);
 
                        goto check_reply;
                }
 
                fr_strerror_const("encode: Unknown authentication packet type");
                return -1;
 
        case FR_TAC_PLUS_AUTHOR:
                if (packet_is_author_request(packet)) {
                        /*
                         * 5.1. The Authorization REQUEST Packet Body
                         *
                         *  1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8  1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8  1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8  1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
                         * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
                         * |  authen_method |    priv_lvl    |  authen_type   | authen_service |
                         * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
                         * |    user_len    |    port_len    |  rem_addr_len  |    arg_cnt     |
                         * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
                         * |   arg_1_len    |   arg_2_len    |      ...       |   arg_N_len    |
                         * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
                         * |   user ...
                         * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
                         * |   port ...
                         * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
                         * |   rem_addr ...
                         * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
                         * |   arg_1 ...
                         * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
                         * |   arg_2 ...
                         * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
                         * |   ...
                         * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
                         * |   arg_N ...
                         * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
                         */
 
                        /*
                         *      Make room for such body request.
                         */
                        FR_DBUFF_ADVANCE_RETURN(&work_dbuff, sizeof(packet->author_req));
 
                        /*
                         *      Encode 4 octets of various flags.
                         */
                        ENCODE_FIELD_UINT8(packet->author_req.authen_method, attr_tacacs_authentication_method);
                        ENCODE_FIELD_UINT8(packet->author_req.priv_lvl, attr_tacacs_privilege_level);
                        ENCODE_FIELD_UINT8(packet->author_req.authen_type, attr_tacacs_authentication_type);
                        ENCODE_FIELD_UINT8(packet->author_req.authen_service, attr_tacacs_authentication_service);
 
                        /*
                         *      Encode 'arg_N' arguments (horrible format)
                         */
                        packet->author_req.arg_cnt = tacacs_encode_body_arg_cnt(vps, attr_tacacs_argument_list);
                        if (packet->author_req.arg_cnt) FR_DBUFF_MEMSET_RETURN(&work_dbuff, 0, packet->author_req.arg_cnt);
 
                        /*
                         *      Encode 3 mandatory fields.
                         */
                        ENCODE_FIELD_STRING8(packet->author_req.user_len, attr_tacacs_user_name);
                        ENCODE_FIELD_STRING8(packet->author_req.port_len, attr_tacacs_client_port);
                        ENCODE_FIELD_STRING8(packet->author_req.rem_addr_len, attr_tacacs_remote_address);
 
                        /*
                         *      Append 'args_body' to the end of buffer
                         */
                        if (packet->author_req.arg_cnt > 0) {
                                if (tacacs_encode_body_arg_n(&work_dbuff, packet->author_req.arg_cnt, &packet->author_req.arg_len[0], vps, attr_tacacs_argument_list) < 0) return -1;
                        }
 
                        goto check_request;
                } else if (packet_is_author_reply(packet)) {
                        /*
                         * 5.2. The Authorization RESPONSE Packet Body
                         *
                         *  1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8  1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8  1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8  1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
                         * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
                         * |    status      |     arg_cnt    |         server_msg len          |
                         * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
                         * +            data_len             |    arg_1_len   |    arg_2_len   |
                         * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
                         * |      ...       |   arg_N_len    |         server_msg ...
                         * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
                         * |   data ...
                         * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
                         * |   arg_1 ...
                         * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
                         * |   arg_2 ...
                         * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
                         * |   ...
                         * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
                         * |   arg_N ...
                         * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
                         */
 
                        /*
                         *      Make room for such body request.
                         */
                        FR_DBUFF_ADVANCE_RETURN(&work_dbuff, sizeof(packet->author_reply));
 
                        /*
                         *      Encode 1 mandatory field.
                         */
                        ENCODE_FIELD_UINT8(packet->author_reply.status, attr_tacacs_authorization_status);
 
                        /*
                         *      Encode 'arg_N' arguments (horrible format)
                         *
                         *      For ERRORs, we don't encode arguments.
                         *
                         *      5.2
                         *
                         *         A status of TAC_PLUS_AUTHOR_STATUS_ERROR indicates an error occurred
                         *         on the server.  For the differences between ERROR and FAIL, refer to
                         *         section Session Completion (Section 3.4) . None of the arg values
                         *         have any relevance if an ERROR is set, and must be ignored.
                         *
                         *         When the status equals TAC_PLUS_AUTHOR_STATUS_FOLLOW, then the
                         *         arg_cnt MUST be 0.
                         */
                        if (!((packet->author_reply.status == FR_AUTHORIZATION_STATUS_VALUE_ERROR) ||
                              (packet->author_reply.status == FR_AUTHORIZATION_STATUS_VALUE_FOLLOW))) {
                                packet->author_reply.arg_cnt = tacacs_encode_body_arg_cnt(vps, attr_tacacs_argument_list);
                                if (packet->author_reply.arg_cnt) FR_DBUFF_MEMSET_RETURN(&work_dbuff, 0, packet->author_reply.arg_cnt);
                        } else {
                                packet->author_reply.arg_cnt = 0;
                        }
 
                        /*
                         *      Encode 2 mandatory fields.
                         */
                        ENCODE_FIELD_STRING16(packet->author_reply.server_msg_len, attr_tacacs_server_message);
                        ENCODE_FIELD_STRING16(packet->author_reply.data_len, attr_tacacs_data);
 
                        /*
                         *      Append 'args_body' to the end of buffer
                         */
                        if (packet->author_reply.arg_cnt > 0) {
                                if (tacacs_encode_body_arg_n(&work_dbuff, packet->author_reply.arg_cnt, &packet->author_reply.arg_len[0], vps, attr_tacacs_argument_list) < 0) return -1;
                        }
 
                        goto check_reply;
 
                }
 
                fr_strerror_const("encode: Unknown authorization packet type");
                return -1;
 
        case FR_TAC_PLUS_ACCT:
                if (packet_is_acct_request(packet)) {
                        /**
                         * 6.1. The Account REQUEST Packet Body
                         *
                         * 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8  1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8  1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8  1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
                         * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
                         * |      flags     |  authen_method |    priv_lvl    |  authen_type   |
                         * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
                         * | authen_service |    user_len    |    port_len    |  rem_addr_len  |
                         * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
                         * |    arg_cnt     |   arg_1_len    |   arg_2_len    |      ...       |
                         * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
                         * |   arg_N_len    |    user ...
                         * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
                         * |   port ...
                         * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
                         * |   rem_addr ...
                         * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
                         * |   arg_1 ...
                         * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
                         * |   arg_2 ...
                         * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
                         * |   ...
                         * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
                         * |   arg_N ...
                         * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
                         */
 
                        /*
                         *      Make room for such body request.
                         */
                        FR_DBUFF_ADVANCE_RETURN(&work_dbuff, sizeof(packet->acct_req));
 
                        /*
                         *      Encode 5 octets of various flags.
                         */
                        ENCODE_FIELD_UINT8(packet->acct_req.flags, attr_tacacs_accounting_flags);
                        ENCODE_FIELD_UINT8(packet->acct_req.authen_method, attr_tacacs_authentication_method);
                        ENCODE_FIELD_UINT8(packet->acct_req.priv_lvl, attr_tacacs_privilege_level);
                        ENCODE_FIELD_UINT8(packet->acct_req.authen_type, attr_tacacs_authentication_type);
                        ENCODE_FIELD_UINT8(packet->acct_req.authen_service, attr_tacacs_authentication_service);
 
                        /*
                         *      Encode 'arg_N' arguments (horrible format)
                         */
                        packet->acct_req.arg_cnt = tacacs_encode_body_arg_cnt(vps, attr_tacacs_argument_list);
                        if (packet->acct_req.arg_cnt) FR_DBUFF_MEMSET_RETURN(&work_dbuff, 0, packet->acct_req.arg_cnt);
 
                        /*
                         *      Encode 3 mandatory fields.
                         */
                        ENCODE_FIELD_STRING8(packet->acct_req.user_len, attr_tacacs_user_name);
                        ENCODE_FIELD_STRING8(packet->acct_req.port_len, attr_tacacs_client_port);
                        ENCODE_FIELD_STRING8(packet->acct_req.rem_addr_len, attr_tacacs_remote_address);
 
                        /*
                         *      Append 'args_body' to the end of buffer
                         */
                        if (packet->acct_req.arg_cnt > 0) {
                                if (tacacs_encode_body_arg_n(&work_dbuff, packet->acct_req.arg_cnt, &packet->acct_req.arg_len[0], vps, attr_tacacs_argument_list) < 0) return -1;
                        }
 
                check_request:
                        /*
                         *      Just to avoid malformed packet.
                         */
                        fr_dbuff_set(&hdr_io, &hdr);
                        (void) fr_dbuff_out(&version_byte, &hdr_io);
                        if (!version_byte) {
                                version_byte = 0xc1; /* version 12.1 */
                                fr_dbuff_set(&hdr_io, &hdr);
                                FR_DBUFF_IN_RETURN(&hdr_io, version_byte);
                        }
                        /*
                         *      If the caller didn't set a session ID, use a random one.
                         */
                        if (!fr_pair_find_by_da_nested(vps, attr_tacacs_session_id)) {
                                packet->hdr.session_id = fr_rand();
                        }
 
                        /*
                         *      Requests have odd sequence numbers.
                         */
                        packet->hdr.seq_no |= 0x01;
                        break;
 
                } else if (packet_is_acct_reply(packet)) {
                        /**
                         * 6.2. The Accounting REPLY Packet Body
                         *
                         * 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8  1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8  1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8  1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
                         * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
                         * |         server_msg len          |            data_len             |
                         * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
                         * |     status     |         server_msg ...
                         * +----------------+----------------+----------------+----------------+
                         * |     data ...
                         * +----------------+
                         */
 
                        /*
                         *      Make room for such body request.
                         */
                        FR_DBUFF_ADVANCE_RETURN(&work_dbuff, sizeof(packet->acct_reply));
 
                        /*
                         *      Encode 2 mandatory fields.
                         */
                        ENCODE_FIELD_STRING16(packet->acct_reply.server_msg_len, attr_tacacs_server_message);
                        ENCODE_FIELD_STRING16(packet->acct_reply.data_len, attr_tacacs_data);
 
                        /*
                         *      And also, the status field.
                         */
                        ENCODE_FIELD_UINT8(packet->acct_reply.status, attr_tacacs_accounting_status);
 
                check_reply:
                        /*
                         *      fr_struct_to_network() fills the struct fields with 0
                         *      if there is no matching VP.  In the interest of making
                         *      things easier for the user, we don't require them to
                         *      copy all of the fields from the request to the reply.
                         *
                         *      Instead, we copy the fields manually, and ensure that
                         *      they have the correct values.
                         */
                        if (original) {
                                fr_dbuff_set(&hdr_io, &hdr);
                                fr_dbuff_out(&version_byte, &hdr_io);
                                if (!version_byte) {
                                        packet->hdr.version = original->version;
                                }
 
                                if (!packet->hdr.seq_no) {
                                        packet->hdr.seq_no = original->seq_no + 1; /* uint8_t */
                                }
 
                                if (!packet->hdr.session_id) {
                                        packet->hdr.session_id = original->session_id;
                                }
                        }
 
                        /*
                         *      Replies have even sequence numbers.
                         */
                        packet->hdr.seq_no &= 0xfe;
                        break;
                }
 
                fr_strerror_const("encode: Unknown accounting packet type");
                return -1;
 
        default:
                fr_strerror_printf("encode: unknown packet type %d", packet->hdr.type);
                return -1;
        }
 
        /*
         *      Force the correct header type, and randomly-placed
         *      status fields.  But only if there's no code field.
         *      Only the unit tests pass a zero code field, as that's
         *      normally invalid.  The unit tests ensure that all of
         *      the VPs are passed to encode a packet, and they all
         *      must be correct
         */
        if (code && (fr_tacacs_code_to_packet(packet, code) < 0)) return -1;
 
        /*
         *      The packet length we store in the header doesn't
         *      include the size of the header.  But we tell the
         *      caller about the total length of the packet.
         */
        packet_len = fr_dbuff_used(&work_dbuff);
        fr_assert(packet_len >= sizeof(fr_tacacs_packet_hdr_t));
 
        body_len = (packet_len - sizeof(fr_tacacs_packet_hdr_t));
        fr_assert(packet_len < FR_MAX_PACKET_SIZE);
        packet->hdr.length = htonl(body_len);
 
        /*
         *      If the original packet is encrypted, then the reply
         *      MUST be encrypted too.
         *
         *      On the other hand, if the request is unencrypted,
         *      we're OK with sending an encrypted reply.  Because,
         *      whatever.
         */
        if (original &&
            ((original->flags & FR_TAC_PLUS_UNENCRYPTED_FLAG) == 0)) {
                packet->hdr.flags &= ~FR_TAC_PLUS_UNENCRYPTED_FLAG;
        }
 
#ifndef NDEBUG
        if (fr_debug_lvl >= L_DBG_LVL_4) {
                fr_tacacs_flags_t flags = packet->hdr.flags;
 
                packet->hdr.flags |= FR_TAC_PLUS_UNENCRYPTED_FLAG;
                fr_tacacs_packet_log_hex(&default_log, packet, packet_len);
                packet->hdr.flags = flags;
        }
#endif
 
        /*
         *      3.6. Encryption
         *
         *      Packets are encrypted if the unencrypted flag is clear.
         */
        if (secret) {
                if (!secret_len) {
                        fr_strerror_const("Packet should be decrypted, but the secret has zero length");
                        return -1;
                }
 
                FR_PROTO_HEX_DUMP(fr_dbuff_start(&work_dbuff), packet_len, "fr_tacacs_packet_t (unencrypted)");
 
                if (fr_tacacs_body_xor(packet, fr_dbuff_current(&body), body_len, secret, secret_len) != 0) return -1;
 
                packet->hdr.flags &= ~FR_TAC_PLUS_UNENCRYPTED_FLAG;
        } else {
                /*
                 *      Packets which have no secret cannot be encrypted.
                 */
                packet->hdr.flags |= FR_TAC_PLUS_UNENCRYPTED_FLAG;
 
        }
 
        FR_PROTO_HEX_DUMP(fr_dbuff_start(&work_dbuff), packet_len, "fr_tacacs_packet_t (encoded)");
 
        return fr_dbuff_set(dbuff, &work_dbuff);
}
 
/*
 *      Test points for protocol encode
 */
static ssize_t fr_tacacs_encode_proto(UNUSED TALLOC_CTX *ctx, fr_pair_list_t *vps,
                                      uint8_t *data, size_t data_len, void *proto_ctx)
{
        fr_tacacs_ctx_t *test_ctx = talloc_get_type_abort(proto_ctx, fr_tacacs_ctx_t);
        fr_pair_t       *vp;
 
        /*
         *      A Packet-Type in the input sets the packet code, as
         *      request->reply->code does for proto_tacacs.
         */
        vp = fr_pair_find_by_da(vps, NULL, attr_tacacs_packet_type);
 
        return fr_tacacs_encode(&FR_DBUFF_TMP(data, data_len), NULL, test_ctx->secret,
                                test_ctx->secret ? talloc_strlen(test_ctx->secret) : 0,
                                vp ? (fr_tacacs_packet_code_t) vp->vp_uint32 : FR_TACACS_CODE_INVALID, vps);
}
 
static int _encode_test_ctx(fr_tacacs_ctx_t *test_ctx)
{
        talloc_const_free(test_ctx->secret);
 
        fr_tacacs_global_free();
 
        return 0;
}
 
static int encode_test_ctx(void **out, TALLOC_CTX *ctx, UNUSED fr_dict_t const *dict,
                           UNUSED fr_dict_attr_t const *root_da)
{
        fr_tacacs_ctx_t *test_ctx;
 
        if (fr_tacacs_global_init() < 0) return -1;
 
        test_ctx = talloc_zero(ctx, fr_tacacs_ctx_t);
        if (!test_ctx) return -1;
 
        test_ctx->root = fr_dict_root(dict_tacacs);
        talloc_set_destructor(test_ctx, _encode_test_ctx);
 
        *out = test_ctx;
 
        return 0;
}
 
/*
 *      Test points
 */
extern fr_test_point_proto_encode_t tacacs_tp_encode_proto;
fr_test_point_proto_encode_t tacacs_tp_encode_proto = {
        .test_ctx       = encode_test_ctx,
        .func           = fr_tacacs_encode_proto
};