xlat_tokenize.c

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/*
 *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
 *   (at your option) any later version.
 *
 *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 *   GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
 *   Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA
 */
 
/**
 * $Id: 405c45ef1ab4506cf3663998e89626b3da5944bd $
 *
 * @file xlat_tokenize.c
 * @brief String expansion ("translation").  Tokenizes xlat expansion strings.
 *
 * @copyright 2017-2021 Arran Cudbard-Bell (a.cudbardb@freeradius.org)
 * @copyright 2000 Alan DeKok (aland@freeradius.org)
 * @copyright 2000,2006 The FreeRADIUS server project
 */
 
 
RCSID("$Id: 405c45ef1ab4506cf3663998e89626b3da5944bd $")
 
#include <freeradius-devel/util/debug.h>
#include <freeradius-devel/util/event.h>
#include <freeradius-devel/util/sbuff.h>
#include <freeradius-devel/util/value.h>
#include <freeradius-devel/server/regex.h>
#include <freeradius-devel/unlang/xlat_priv.h>
 
#undef XLAT_DEBUG
#undef XLAT_HEXDUMP
#ifdef DEBUG_XLAT
#  define XLAT_DEBUG(_fmt, ...)                 DEBUG3("%s[%i] "_fmt, __FILE__, __LINE__, ##__VA_ARGS__)
#  define XLAT_HEXDUMP(_data, _len, _fmt, ...)  HEXDUMP3(_data, _len, "%s[%i] "_fmt, __FILE__, __LINE__, ##__VA_ARGS__)
#else
#  define XLAT_DEBUG(...)
#  define XLAT_HEXDUMP(...)
#endif
 
/** These rules apply to literal values and function arguments inside of an expansion
 *
 */
static fr_sbuff_unescape_rules_t const xlat_unescape = {
        .name = "xlat",
        .chr = '\\',
        .subs = {
                ['a'] = '\a',
                ['b'] = '\b',
                ['e'] = '\\',
                ['n'] = '\n',
                ['r'] = '\r',
                ['t'] = '\t',
                ['v'] = '\v',
                ['\\'] = '\\',
                ['%'] = '%',    /* Expansion begin */
                ['}'] = '}'     /* Expansion end */
        },
        .do_hex = true,
        .do_oct = true
};
 
/** These rules apply to literal values and function arguments inside of an expansion
 *
 */
static fr_sbuff_escape_rules_t const xlat_escape = {
        .name = "xlat",
        .chr = '\\',
        .subs = {
                ['\a'] = 'a',
                ['\b'] = 'b',
                ['\n'] = 'n',
                ['\r'] = 'r',
                ['\t'] = 't',
                ['\v'] = 'v',
                ['\\'] = '\\',
                ['%'] = '%',    /* Expansion begin */
                ['}'] = '}'     /* Expansion end */
        },
        .esc = {
                SBUFF_CHAR_UNPRINTABLES_LOW,
                SBUFF_CHAR_UNPRINTABLES_EXTENDED
        },
        .do_utf8 = true,
        .do_oct = true
};
 
/** Parse rules for literal values inside of an expansion
 *
 * These rules are used to parse literals as arguments to functions.
 *
 * The caller sets the literal parse rules for outside of expansions when they
 * call xlat_tokenize.
 */
static fr_sbuff_parse_rules_t const xlat_function_arg_rules = {
        .escapes = &xlat_unescape,
        .terminals = &FR_SBUFF_TERMS( /* These get merged with other literal terminals */
                                L(")"),
                                L(","),
                ),
};
 
#ifdef HAVE_REGEX
/** Parse an xlat reference
 *
 * Allows access to a subcapture groups
 * @verbatim %{<num>} @endverbatim
 */
int xlat_tokenize_regex(xlat_exp_head_t *head, xlat_exp_t **out, fr_sbuff_t *in, fr_sbuff_marker_t *m_s)
{
        uint8_t                 num;
        xlat_exp_t              *node;
        fr_sbuff_parse_error_t  err;
 
        XLAT_DEBUG("REGEX <-- %.*s", (int) fr_sbuff_remaining(in), fr_sbuff_current(in));
 
        /*
         *      Not a number, ignore it.
         */
        (void) fr_sbuff_out(&err, &num, in);
        if (err != FR_SBUFF_PARSE_OK) return 0;
 
        /*
         *      Not %{\d+}, ignore it.
         */
        if (!fr_sbuff_is_char(in, '}')) return 0;
 
        /*
         *      It is a regex ref, but it has to be a valid one.
         */
        if (num > REQUEST_MAX_REGEX) {
                fr_strerror_printf("Invalid regex reference.  Must be in range 0-%d", REQUEST_MAX_REGEX);
                fr_sbuff_set(in, m_s);
                return -1;
        }
 
        MEM(node = xlat_exp_alloc(head, XLAT_REGEX, fr_sbuff_current(m_s), fr_sbuff_behind(m_s)));
        node->regex_index = num;
 
        *out = node;
 
        (void) fr_sbuff_advance(in, 1); /* must be '}' */
        return 1;
}
#endif
 
bool const xlat_func_chars[UINT8_MAX + 1] = {
        SBUFF_CHAR_CLASS_ALPHA_NUM,
        ['.'] = true, ['-'] = true, ['_'] = true,
};
 
 
/** Normalize an xlat which contains a tmpl.
 *
 *  Constant data is turned into XLAT_BOX, and some other thingies are done.
 */
static int xlat_tmpl_normalize(xlat_exp_t *node)
{
        tmpl_t *vpt = node->vpt;
 
        /*
         *      Any casting, etc. has to be taken care of in the xlat expression parser, and not here.
         */
        fr_assert(tmpl_rules_cast(vpt) == FR_TYPE_NULL);
 
        if (tmpl_is_attr_unresolved(node->vpt)) {
                return 0;
        }
 
        /*
         *      Add in unknown attributes, by defining them in the local dictionary.
         */
        if (tmpl_is_attr(vpt)) {
                if (tmpl_attr_unknown_add(vpt) < 0) {
                        fr_strerror_printf("Failed defining attribute %s", tmpl_attr_tail_da(vpt)->name);
                        return -1;
                }
 
                return 0;
        }
 
        if (!tmpl_contains_data(vpt)) {
                fr_assert(!tmpl_contains_regex(vpt));
                return 0;
        }
 
        if (tmpl_is_data_unresolved(vpt) && (tmpl_resolve(vpt, NULL) < 0)) return -1;
 
        /*
         *      Hoist data to an XLAT_BOX instead of an XLAT_TMPL
         */
        fr_assert(tmpl_is_data(vpt));
 
        /*
         *      Print "true" and "false" instead of "yes" and "no".
         */
        if ((tmpl_value_type(vpt) == FR_TYPE_BOOL) && !tmpl_value_enumv(vpt)) {
                tmpl_value_enumv(vpt) = attr_expr_bool_enum;
        }
 
        /*
         *      Convert the XLAT_TMPL to XLAT_BOX
         */
        xlat_exp_set_type(node, XLAT_BOX);
 
        return 0;
}
 
/**  Validate and sanity check function arguments.
 *
 */
static int xlat_validate_function_arg(xlat_arg_parser_t const *arg_p, xlat_exp_t *arg, int argc)
{
        xlat_exp_t *node;
 
        fr_assert(arg->type == XLAT_GROUP);
 
        /*
         *      "is_argv" does dual duty.  One, it causes xlat_print() to print spaces in between arguments.
         *
         *      Two, it is checked by xlat_frame_eval_repeat(), which then does NOT concatenate strings in
         *      place.  Instead, it just passes the strings though to xlat_process_arg_list().  Which calls
         *      xlat_arg_stringify(), and that does the escaping and final concatenation.
         */
        arg->group->is_argv = (arg_p->func != NULL) | arg_p->will_escape;
 
        node = xlat_exp_head(arg->group);
 
        if (!node) {
                if (!arg_p->required) return 0;
 
                fr_strerror_const("Missing argument");
                return -1;
        }
 
        /*
         *      The caller doesn't care about the type, we don't do any validation.
         */
        if (arg_p->type == FR_TYPE_VOID) return 0;
 
        /*
         *      A cursor should be (for now) a named string.
         */
        if (arg_p->type == FR_TYPE_PAIR_CURSOR) {
                if (node->type == XLAT_BOX) {
                check_box:
                        if (node->data.type != FR_TYPE_STRING) {
                                fr_strerror_printf("Cursor must be a string attribute reference, not %s",
                                                   fr_type_to_str(node->data.type));
                                return -1;
                        }
 
                        return 0;
                }
 
                /*
                 *      The expression parser should not allow anything else here.
                 */
                fr_assert((node->type == XLAT_TMPL) || (node->type == XLAT_GROUP));
 
                /*
                 *      Func, etc.
                 */
                if (node->type != XLAT_TMPL) return 0;
 
                if (tmpl_rules_cast(node->vpt) != FR_TYPE_NULL) {
                        fr_strerror_const("Cursor cannot have cast");
                        return -1;
                }
 
                if (xlat_tmpl_normalize(node) < 0) return -1;
 
                if (node->type == XLAT_BOX) goto check_box;
 
                if (!tmpl_is_attr(node->vpt)) {
                        fr_strerror_printf("Invalid argument - expected attribute reference");
                        return -1;
                }
 
                /*
                 *      Bare attribute references are allowed, but are marked up as "return a cursor to this
                 *      thing, don't return a value".
                 */
                arg->group->cursor = true;
                return 0;
        }
 
        /*
         *      The argument is either ONE tmpl / value-box, OR is an
         *      xlat group which contains a double-quoted string.
         */
        fr_assert(fr_dlist_num_elements(&arg->group->dlist) == 1);
 
        /*
         *      Do at least somewhat of a pass of normalizing the nodes, even if there are more than one.
         */
        if (node->type == XLAT_TMPL) {
                return xlat_tmpl_normalize(node);
        }
 
        /*
         *      @todo - probably move the double-quoted string "node->flags.constant" check here, to more
         *      clearly separate parsing from normalization.
         */
 
        if (node->type != XLAT_BOX) {
                return 0;
        }
 
        /*
         *      If it's the correct data type, then we don't need to do anything.
         */
        if (arg_p->type == node->data.type) {
                return 0;
        }
 
        /*
         *      Cast (or parse) the input data to the expected argument data type.
         */
        if (fr_value_box_cast_in_place(node, &node->data, arg_p->type, NULL) < 0) {
                fr_strerror_printf("Invalid argument %d - %s", argc, fr_strerror());
                return -1;
        }
 
        return 0;
}
 
int xlat_validate_function_args(xlat_exp_t *node)
{
        xlat_arg_parser_t const *arg_p;
        xlat_exp_t              *arg = xlat_exp_head(node->call.args);
        int                     i = 1;
 
        fr_assert(node->type == XLAT_FUNC);
 
        /*
         *      Check the function definition against what the user passed in.
         */
        if (!node->call.func->args) {
                if (node->call.args) {
                        fr_strerror_const("Too many arguments to function call, expected 0");
                        return -1;
                }
 
                /*
                 *      Function takes no arguments, and none were passed in.  There's nothing to verify.
                 */
                return 0;
        }
 
        if (!node->call.args) {
                fr_strerror_const("Too few arguments to function call");
                return -1;
        }
 
        /*
         *      The function both has arguments defined, and the user has supplied them.
         */
        for (arg_p = node->call.func->args, i = 0; arg_p->type != FR_TYPE_NULL; arg_p++) {
                if (!arg_p->required) break;
 
                if (!arg) {
                        fr_strerror_printf("Missing required argument %u",
                                           (unsigned int)(arg_p - node->call.func->args) + 1);
                        return -1;
                }
 
                /*
                 *      All arguments MUST be put into a group, even
                 *      if they're just one element.
                 */
                fr_assert(arg->type == XLAT_GROUP);
 
                if (xlat_validate_function_arg(arg_p, arg, i) < 0) return -1;
 
                arg = xlat_exp_next(node->call.args, arg);
                i++;
        }
 
        /*
         *      @todo - check if there is a trailing argument.  But for functions which take no arguments, the
         *      "arg" is an empty group.
         */
 
        return 0;
}
 
/** Parse an xlat function and its child argument
 *
 * Parses a function call string in the format
 * @verbatim %<func>(<argument>) @endverbatim
 *
 * @return
 *      - 0 if the string was parsed into a function.
 *      - <0 on parse error.
 */
static CC_HINT(nonnull) int xlat_tokenize_function_args(xlat_exp_head_t *head, fr_sbuff_t *in, tmpl_rules_t const *t_rules)
{
        char c;
        xlat_exp_t *node;
        xlat_t *func;
        fr_sbuff_marker_t m_s;
        tmpl_rules_t my_t_rules;
 
        fr_sbuff_marker(&m_s, in);
 
        XLAT_DEBUG("NEW <-- %pV", fr_box_strvalue_len(fr_sbuff_current(in), fr_sbuff_remaining(in)));
 
        /*
         *      The caller ensures that the first character aftet the percent exists, and is alphanumeric.
         */
        c = fr_sbuff_char(in, '\0');
 
        /*
         *      Even if it is alphanumeric, only a limited set of characters are one-letter expansions.
         *
         *      And even then only if the character after them is a terminal character.
         */
        if (strchr("cCdDeGHIlmMnSstTY", c) != NULL) {
                char n;
 
                fr_sbuff_next(in);
 
                /*
                 *      End of buffer == one letter expansion.
                 */
                n = fr_sbuff_char(in, '\0');
                if (!n) goto one_letter;
 
                /*
                 *      %Y() is the new format.
                 */
                if (n == '(') {
                        fr_sbuff_next(in);
 
                        if (!fr_sbuff_next_if_char(in, ')')) {
                                fr_strerror_const("Missing closing brace ')'");
                                return -1;
                        }
 
                        goto one_letter;
                }
 
                /*
                 *      %M. or %Y- is a one-letter expansion followed by the other character.
                 */
                if (!sbuff_char_alpha_num[(unsigned int) n]) {
                one_letter:
                        XLAT_DEBUG("ONE-LETTER <-- %c", c);
                        node = xlat_exp_alloc_null(head);
 
                        xlat_exp_set_name(node, fr_sbuff_current(&m_s), 1);
                        xlat_exp_set_type(node, XLAT_ONE_LETTER); /* needs node->fmt to be set */
 
                        fr_sbuff_marker_release(&m_s);
 
#ifdef STATIC_ANALYZER
                        if (!node->fmt) return -1;
#endif
 
                        xlat_exp_insert_tail(head, node);
                        return 0;
                }
 
                /*
                 *      Anything else, it must be a full function name.
                 */
                fr_sbuff_set(in, &m_s);
        }
 
        fr_sbuff_adv_past_allowed(in, SIZE_MAX, xlat_func_chars, NULL);
 
        func = xlat_func_find(fr_sbuff_current(&m_s), fr_sbuff_behind(&m_s));
 
        if (!fr_sbuff_is_char(in, '(')) {
                fr_strerror_printf("Missing '('");
                return -1;
        }
 
        /*
         *      Allocate a node to hold the function
         */
        node = xlat_exp_alloc(head, XLAT_FUNC, fr_sbuff_current(&m_s), fr_sbuff_behind(&m_s));
        if (!func) {
                if (!t_rules->attr.allow_unresolved|| t_rules->at_runtime) {
                        fr_strerror_const("Unresolved expansion functions are not allowed here");
                        fr_sbuff_set(in, &m_s);         /* backtrack */
                        fr_sbuff_marker_release(&m_s);
                        return -1;
                }
                xlat_exp_set_type(node, XLAT_FUNC_UNRESOLVED);
 
        } else {
                xlat_exp_set_func(node, func, t_rules->attr.dict_def);
        }
 
        fr_sbuff_marker_release(&m_s);
 
        (void) fr_sbuff_next(in); /* skip the '(' */
 
        /*
         *      The caller might want the _output_ cast to something.  But that doesn't mean we cast each
         *      _argument_ to the xlat function.
         */
        if (t_rules->cast != FR_TYPE_NULL) {
                my_t_rules = *t_rules;
                my_t_rules.cast = FR_TYPE_NULL;
                t_rules = &my_t_rules;
        }
 
        /*
         *      Now parse the child nodes that form the
         *      function's arguments.
         */
        if (xlat_tokenize_argv(node, &node->call.args, in, func,
                               &xlat_function_arg_rules, t_rules, false) < 0) {
        error:
                talloc_free(node);
                return -1;
        }
 
        if (!fr_sbuff_next_if_char(in, ')')) {
                fr_strerror_const("Missing closing brace ')'");
                goto error;
        }
 
        xlat_exp_finalize_func(node);
 
        xlat_exp_insert_tail(head, node);
        return 0;
}
 
/** Parse an attribute ref or a virtual attribute
 *
 */
static CC_HINT(nonnull(1,2,4)) ssize_t xlat_tokenize_attribute(xlat_exp_head_t *head, fr_sbuff_t *in,
                                                               fr_sbuff_parse_rules_t const *p_rules, tmpl_rules_t const *t_rules)
{
        tmpl_attr_error_t       err;
        tmpl_t                  *vpt = NULL;
        xlat_exp_t              *node;
 
        fr_sbuff_marker_t       m_s;
        tmpl_rules_t            our_t_rules;
        fr_sbuff_t              our_in = FR_SBUFF(in);
 
        XLAT_DEBUG("ATTRIBUTE <-- %.*s", (int) fr_sbuff_remaining(in), fr_sbuff_current(in));
 
        /*
         *      We are called from %{foo}.  So we don't use attribute prefixes.
         */
        our_t_rules = *t_rules;
        our_t_rules.attr.allow_wildcard = true;
 
        fr_sbuff_marker(&m_s, in);
 
        MEM(node = xlat_exp_alloc_null(head));
        if (tmpl_afrom_attr_substr(node, &err, &vpt, &our_in, p_rules, &our_t_rules) < 0) {
                /*
                 *      If the parse error occurred before a terminator,
                 *      then the error is changed to 'Unknown module',
                 *      as it was more likely to be a bad module name,
                 *      than a request qualifier.
                 */
                if (err == TMPL_ATTR_ERROR_MISSING_TERMINATOR) fr_sbuff_set(&our_in, &m_s);
        error:
                fr_sbuff_marker_release(&m_s);
                talloc_free(node);
                FR_SBUFF_ERROR_RETURN(&our_in);
        }
 
        /*
         *      Deal with unresolved attributes.
         */
        if (tmpl_is_attr_unresolved(vpt)) {
                if (!t_rules->attr.allow_unresolved) {
                        talloc_free(vpt);
 
                        fr_strerror_const("Unresolved attributes not allowed in expansions here");
                        fr_sbuff_set(&our_in, &m_s);            /* Error at the start of the attribute */
                        goto error;
                }
        }
 
        /*
         *      Deal with normal attribute (or list)
         */
        xlat_exp_set_type(node, XLAT_TMPL);
        xlat_exp_set_vpt(node, vpt);
 
        /*
         *      Remember that it was %{User-Name}
         *
         *      This is a temporary hack until all of the unit tests
         *      pass without '&'.
         */
        UNCONST(tmpl_attr_rules_t *, &vpt->rules.attr)->xlat = true;
 
        xlat_exp_insert_tail(head, node);
 
        fr_sbuff_marker_release(&m_s);
        return fr_sbuff_set(in, &our_in);
}
 
static bool const tmpl_attr_allowed_chars[UINT8_MAX + 1] = {
        SBUFF_CHAR_CLASS_ALPHA_NUM,
        ['-'] = true, ['/'] = true, ['_'] = true,                       // fr_dict_attr_allowed_chars
        ['.'] = true, ['*'] = true, ['#'] = true,
        ['['] = true, [']'] = true,                                     // tmpls and attribute arrays
};
 
static CC_HINT(nonnull(1,2)) int xlat_tokenize_expansion(xlat_exp_head_t *head, fr_sbuff_t *in,
                                                         tmpl_rules_t const *t_rules)
{
        size_t                  len;
        int                     ret;
        fr_sbuff_marker_t       m_s;
        char                    hint;
        fr_sbuff_term_t         hint_tokens = FR_SBUFF_TERMS(
                                        L(" "),         /* First special token is a ' ' - Likely a syntax error */
                                        L("["),         /* First special token is a '[' i.e. '%{attr[<idx>]}' */
                                        L("}")          /* First special token is a '}' i.e. '%{<attrref>}' */
                                );
 
        fr_sbuff_parse_rules_t  attr_p_rules = {
                                        .escapes = &xlat_unescape,
                                        .terminals = &FR_SBUFF_TERM("}")
                                };
#ifdef HAVE_REGEX
        xlat_exp_t              *node;
#endif
 
        XLAT_DEBUG("EXPANSION <-- %.*s", (int) fr_sbuff_remaining(in), fr_sbuff_current(in));
 
        fr_sbuff_marker(&m_s, in);
 
#ifdef HAVE_REGEX
        ret = xlat_tokenize_regex(head, &node, in, &m_s);
        if (ret < 0) return ret;
 
        if (ret == 1) {
                fr_assert(node != NULL);
                xlat_exp_insert_tail(head, node);
                return 0;
        }
 
        fr_sbuff_set(in, &m_s);         /* backtrack to the start of the expression */
#endif /* HAVE_REGEX */
 
        /*
         *      See if it's an attribute reference, with possible array stuff.
         */
        len = fr_sbuff_adv_past_allowed(in, SIZE_MAX, tmpl_attr_allowed_chars, NULL);
        if (fr_sbuff_is_char(in, '}')) {
                if (!len) goto empty_disallowed;
                goto check_for_attr;
        }
 
        if (!fr_sbuff_extend(in)) {
                fr_strerror_const("Missing closing brace '}'");
                fr_sbuff_marker_release(&m_s);
                return -1;
        }
 
        /*
         *      It must be an expression.
         *
         *      We wrap the xlat in a group, and then mark the group to be hoisted.
         */
        {
                tmpl_rules_t my_rules;
 
                fr_sbuff_set(in, &m_s);         /* backtrack to the start of the expression */
 
                MEM(node = xlat_exp_alloc(head, XLAT_GROUP, NULL, 0));
 
                if (t_rules) {
                        my_rules = *t_rules;
                        my_rules.enumv = NULL;
                        my_rules.cast = FR_TYPE_NULL;
                        t_rules = &my_rules;
                }
 
                ret = xlat_tokenize_expression(node, &node->group, in, &attr_p_rules, t_rules);
                if (ret <= 0) {
                        talloc_free(node);
                        return ret;
                }
 
                if (!fr_sbuff_is_char(in, '}')) {
                        fr_strerror_const("Missing closing brace '}'");
                        return -1;
                }
 
                xlat_exp_set_name(node, fr_sbuff_current(&m_s), fr_sbuff_behind(&m_s));
                node->flags = node->group->flags;
 
                /*
                 *      Print it as %{...}.  Then when we're evaluating a string, hoist the results.
                 */
                node->flags.xlat = true;
                node->hoist = true;
 
                xlat_exp_insert_tail(head, node);
 
                (void) fr_sbuff_next(in); /* skip '}' */
                return ret;
        }
 
check_for_attr:
        fr_sbuff_set(in, &m_s);         /* backtrack */
 
        /*
         *      %{Attr-Name}
         *      %{Attr-Name[#]}
         *      %{request.Attr-Name}
         */
 
        /*
         *      Check for empty expressions %{} %{: %{[
         */
        fr_sbuff_marker(&m_s, in);
        len = fr_sbuff_adv_until(in, SIZE_MAX, &hint_tokens, '\0');
 
        /*
         *      This means the end of a string not containing any of the other
         *      tokens was reached.
         *
         *      e.g. '%{myfirstxlat'
         */
        if (!fr_sbuff_extend(in)) {
                fr_strerror_const("Missing closing brace '}'");
                fr_sbuff_marker_release(&m_s);
                return -1;
        }
 
        hint = fr_sbuff_char(in, '\0');
 
        XLAT_DEBUG("EXPANSION HINT TOKEN '%c'", hint);
        if (len == 0) {
                switch (hint) {
                case '}':
                empty_disallowed:
                        fr_strerror_const("Empty expressions are invalid");
                        return -1;
 
                case '[':
                        fr_strerror_const("Missing attribute name");
                        return -1;
 
                default:
                        break;
                }
        }
 
        switch (hint) {
        /*
         *      Hint token is a:
         *      - '[' - Which is an attribute index, so it must be an attribute.
         *      - '}' - The end of the expansion, which means it was a bareword.
         */
        case '.':
        case '}':
        case '[':
                fr_sbuff_set(in, &m_s);         /* backtrack */
                fr_sbuff_marker_release(&m_s);
 
                if (xlat_tokenize_attribute(head, in, &attr_p_rules, t_rules) < 0) return -1;
 
                if (!fr_sbuff_next_if_char(in, '}')) {
                        fr_strerror_const("Missing closing brace '}'");
                        return -1;
                }
 
                return 0;
 
        /*
         *      Hint token was whitespace
         *
         *      e.g. '%{my '
         */
        default:
                break;
        }
 
        /*
         *      Box print is so we get \t \n etc..
         */
        fr_strerror_printf("Invalid char '%pV' in expression", fr_box_strvalue_len(fr_sbuff_current(in), 1));
        return -1;
}
 
/** Parse an xlat string i.e. a non-expansion or non-function
 *
 * When this function is being used outside of an xlat expansion, i.e. on a string
 * which contains one or more xlat expansions, it uses the terminal grammar and
 * escaping rules of that string type.
 *
 * Which this function is being used inside of an xlat expansion, it uses xlat specific
 * terminal grammar and escaping rules.
 *
 * This allows us to be smart about processing quotes within the expansions themselves.
 *
 * @param[out] head             to allocate nodes in, and where to write the first
 *                              child, and where the flags are stored.
 * @param[in] in                sbuff to parse.
 * @param[in] p_rules           that control parsing.
 * @param[in] t_rules           that control attribute reference and xlat function parsing.
 * @return
 *      - <0 on failure
 *      - >=0 for number of bytes parsed
 */
static CC_HINT(nonnull(1,2,4)) ssize_t xlat_tokenize_input(xlat_exp_head_t *head, fr_sbuff_t *in,
                                                           fr_sbuff_parse_rules_t const *p_rules, tmpl_rules_t const *t_rules)
{
        xlat_exp_t                      *node = NULL;
        fr_slen_t                       slen;
        fr_sbuff_term_t                 terminals = FR_SBUFF_TERMS(
                                                L("%"),
                                        );
        fr_sbuff_term_t                 *tokens;
        fr_sbuff_unescape_rules_t const *escapes;
        fr_sbuff_t                      our_in = FR_SBUFF(in);
 
        XLAT_DEBUG("STRING <-- %.*s", (int) fr_sbuff_remaining(in), fr_sbuff_current(in));
 
        escapes = p_rules ? p_rules->escapes : NULL;
        tokens = p_rules && p_rules->terminals ?
                        fr_sbuff_terminals_amerge(NULL, p_rules->terminals, &terminals) : &terminals;
 
        for (;;) {
                char *str;
                fr_sbuff_marker_t m_s;
 
                /*
                 *      pre-allocate the node so we don't have to steal it later.
                 */
                node = xlat_exp_alloc(head, XLAT_BOX, NULL, 0);
 
                /*
                 *      Find the next token
                 */
                fr_sbuff_marker(&m_s, &our_in);
                slen = fr_sbuff_out_aunescape_until(node, &str, &our_in, SIZE_MAX, tokens, escapes);
 
                if (slen < 0) {
                error:
                        talloc_free(node);
 
                        /*
                         *      Free our temporary array of terminals
                         */
                        if (tokens != &terminals) talloc_free(tokens);
                        fr_sbuff_marker_release(&m_s);
                        FR_SBUFF_ERROR_RETURN(&our_in);
                }
 
                /*
                 *      It's a value box, create an appropriate node
                 */
                if (slen > 0) {
                do_value_box:
                        xlat_exp_set_name_shallow(node, str);
                        fr_value_box_bstrndup(node, &node->data, NULL, str, talloc_array_length(str) - 1, false);
                        fr_value_box_mark_safe_for(&node->data, t_rules->literals_safe_for);
 
                        if (!escapes) {
                                XLAT_DEBUG("VALUE-BOX %s <-- %.*s", str,
                                           (int) fr_sbuff_behind(&m_s), fr_sbuff_current(&m_s));
                        } else {
                                XLAT_DEBUG("VALUE-BOX (%s) %s <-- %.*s", escapes->name, str,
                                           (int) fr_sbuff_behind(&m_s), fr_sbuff_current(&m_s));
                        }
                        XLAT_HEXDUMP((uint8_t const *)str, talloc_array_length(str) - 1, " VALUE-BOX ");
 
                        xlat_exp_insert_tail(head, node);
 
                        node = NULL;
                        fr_sbuff_marker_release(&m_s);
                        continue;
                }
 
                /*
                 *      We have parsed as much as we can as unescaped
                 *      input.  Either some text (and added the node
                 *      to the list), or zero text.  We now try to
                 *      parse '%' expansions.
                 */
 
                /*
                 *      Attribute, function call, or other expansion.
                 */
                if (fr_sbuff_adv_past_str_literal(&our_in, "%{")) {
                        TALLOC_FREE(node); /* nope, couldn't use it */
 
                        if (xlat_tokenize_expansion(head, &our_in, t_rules) < 0) goto error;
 
                        if (fr_sbuff_is_str_literal(&our_in, ":-")) {
                                fr_strerror_const("Old style alternation of %{...:-...} is no longer supported");
                                goto error;
                        }
 
                next:
                        fr_sbuff_marker_release(&m_s);
                        continue;
                }
 
                /*
                 *      More migration hacks: allow %foo(...)
                 */
                if (fr_sbuff_next_if_char(&our_in, '%')) {
                        /*
                         *      % non-alphanumeric, create a value-box for just the "%" character.
                         */
                        if (!fr_sbuff_is_alnum(&our_in)) {
                                if (fr_sbuff_next_if_char(&our_in, '%')) { /* nothing */ }
 
                                str = talloc_typed_strdup(node, "%");
                                goto do_value_box;
                        }
 
                        TALLOC_FREE(node); /* nope, couldn't use it */
 
                        /*
                         *      Tokenize the function arguments using the new method.
                         */
                        if (xlat_tokenize_function_args(head, &our_in, t_rules) < 0) goto error;
                        goto next;
                }
 
                /*
                 *      Nothing we recognize.  Just return nothing.
                 */
                TALLOC_FREE(node);
                XLAT_DEBUG("VALUE-BOX <-- (empty)");
                fr_sbuff_marker_release(&m_s);
                break;
        }
 
        /*
         *      Free our temporary array of terminals
         */
        if (tokens != &terminals) talloc_free(tokens);
 
        return fr_sbuff_set(in, &our_in);
}
 
static fr_table_num_sorted_t const xlat_quote_table[] = {
        { L("\""),      T_DOUBLE_QUOTED_STRING  },      /* Don't re-order, backslash throws off ordering */
        { L("'"),       T_SINGLE_QUOTED_STRING  },
        { L("`"),       T_BACK_QUOTED_STRING    }
};
static size_t xlat_quote_table_len = NUM_ELEMENTS(xlat_quote_table);
 
#define INFO_INDENT(_fmt, ...)  INFO("%*s"_fmt, depth * 2, " ", ## __VA_ARGS__)
 
static void _xlat_debug_head(xlat_exp_head_t const *head, int depth);
static void _xlat_debug_node(xlat_exp_t const *node, int depth, bool print_flags)
{
        INFO_INDENT("{ -- %s", node->fmt);
#ifndef NDEBUG
//      INFO_INDENT("  %s:%d", node->file, node->line);
#endif
 
        if (print_flags) {
                INFO_INDENT("flags = %s %s %s %s %s",
                            node->flags.needs_resolving ? "need_resolving" : "",
                            node->flags.pure ? "pure" : "",
                            node->flags.can_purify ? "can_purify" : "",
                            node->flags.constant ? "constant" : "",
                            node->flags.xlat ? "xlat" : "");
        }
 
        depth++;
 
        if (node->quote != T_BARE_WORD) INFO_INDENT("quote = %c", fr_token_quote[node->quote]);
 
        switch (node->type) {
        case XLAT_BOX:
                INFO_INDENT("value %s --> %pV", fr_type_to_str(node->data.type), &node->data);
                break;
 
        case XLAT_GROUP:
                INFO_INDENT("group");
                INFO_INDENT("{");
                _xlat_debug_head(node->group, depth + 1);
                INFO_INDENT("}");
                break;
 
        case XLAT_ONE_LETTER:
                INFO_INDENT("percent (%c)", node->fmt[0]);
                break;
 
        case XLAT_TMPL:
        {
                if (tmpl_cast_get(node->vpt) != FR_TYPE_NULL) {
                        INFO_INDENT("cast (%s)", fr_type_to_str(tmpl_cast_get(node->vpt)));
                }
 
                if (tmpl_is_attr(node->vpt)) {
                        fr_assert(!node->flags.pure);
                        if (tmpl_attr_tail_da(node->vpt)) INFO_INDENT("tmpl attribute (%s)", tmpl_attr_tail_da(node->vpt)->name);
                        if (tmpl_attr_tail_num(node->vpt) != NUM_UNSPEC) {
                                FR_DLIST_HEAD(tmpl_request_list) const *list;
                                tmpl_request_t *rr = NULL;
 
                                INFO_INDENT("{");
 
                                /*
                                 *      Loop over the request references
                                 */
                                list = tmpl_request(node->vpt);
                                while ((rr = tmpl_request_list_next(list, rr))) {
                                        INFO_INDENT("ref  %u", rr->request);
                                }
                                INFO_INDENT("list %s", tmpl_list_name(tmpl_list(node->vpt), "<INVALID>"));
                                if (tmpl_attr_tail_num(node->vpt) != NUM_UNSPEC) {
                                        if (tmpl_attr_tail_num(node->vpt) == NUM_COUNT) {
                                                INFO_INDENT("[#]");
                                        } else if (tmpl_attr_tail_num(node->vpt) == NUM_ALL) {
                                                INFO_INDENT("[*]");
                                        } else {
                                                INFO_INDENT("[%d]", tmpl_attr_tail_num(node->vpt));
                                        }
                                }
                                INFO_INDENT("}");
                        }
                } else if (tmpl_is_data(node->vpt)) {
                        INFO_INDENT("tmpl (%s) type %s", node->fmt, fr_type_to_str(tmpl_value_type(node->vpt)));
 
                } else if (tmpl_is_xlat(node->vpt)) {
                        INFO_INDENT("tmpl xlat (%s)", node->fmt);
                        _xlat_debug_head(tmpl_xlat(node->vpt), depth + 1);
 
                } else {
                        INFO_INDENT("tmpl (%s)", node->fmt);
                }
        }
                break;
 
        case XLAT_FUNC:
                fr_assert(node->call.func != NULL);
                INFO_INDENT("func (%s)", node->call.func->name);
                if (xlat_exp_head(node->call.args)) {
                        INFO_INDENT("{");
                        _xlat_debug_head(node->call.args, depth + 1);
                        INFO_INDENT("}");
                }
                break;
 
        case XLAT_FUNC_UNRESOLVED:
                INFO_INDENT("func-unresolved (%s)", node->fmt);
                if (xlat_exp_head(node->call.args)) {
                        INFO_INDENT("{");
                        _xlat_debug_head(node->call.args, depth + 1);
                        INFO_INDENT("}");
                }
                break;
 
#ifdef HAVE_REGEX
        case XLAT_REGEX:
                INFO_INDENT("regex-var -- %d", node->regex_index);
                break;
#endif
 
        case XLAT_INVALID:
                DEBUG("XLAT-INVALID");
                break;
        }
 
        depth--;
        INFO_INDENT("}");
}
 
void xlat_debug(xlat_exp_t const *node)
{
        _xlat_debug_node(node, 0, true);
}
 
static void _xlat_debug_head(xlat_exp_head_t const *head, int depth)
{
        int i = 0;
 
        fr_assert(head != NULL);
 
        INFO_INDENT("head flags = %s %s %s %s %s",
                    head->flags.needs_resolving ? "need_resolving," : "",
                    head->flags.pure ? "pure" : "",
                    head->flags.can_purify ? "can_purify" : "",
                    head->flags.constant ? "constant" : "",
                    head->flags.xlat ? "xlat" : "");
 
        depth++;
 
        xlat_exp_foreach(head, node) {
                INFO_INDENT("[%d] flags = %s %s %s %s %s", i++,
                            node->flags.needs_resolving ? "need_resolving" : "",
                            node->flags.pure ? "pure" : "",
                            node->flags.can_purify ? "can_purify" : "",
                            node->flags.constant ? "constant" : "",
                            node->flags.xlat ? "xlat" : "");
 
                _xlat_debug_node(node, depth, false);
        }
}
 
void xlat_debug_head(xlat_exp_head_t const *head)
{
        _xlat_debug_head(head, 0);
}
 
ssize_t xlat_print_node(fr_sbuff_t *out, xlat_exp_head_t const *head, xlat_exp_t const *node,
                        fr_sbuff_escape_rules_t const *e_rules, char c)
{
        ssize_t                 slen;
        size_t                  at_in = fr_sbuff_used_total(out);
        char                    close;
 
        if (!node) return 0;
 
        if (node->flags.xlat) FR_SBUFF_IN_CHAR_RETURN(out, '%', '{');
 
        switch (node->type) {
        case XLAT_GROUP:
                if (node->quote != T_BARE_WORD) FR_SBUFF_IN_CHAR_RETURN(out, fr_token_quote[node->quote]);
                xlat_print(out, node->group, fr_value_escape_by_quote[node->quote]);
                if (node->quote != T_BARE_WORD) FR_SBUFF_IN_CHAR_RETURN(out, fr_token_quote[node->quote]);
 
                if (xlat_exp_next(head, node)) {
                        if (c) FR_SBUFF_IN_CHAR_RETURN(out, c);
 
                        if (head->is_argv) FR_SBUFF_IN_CHAR_RETURN(out, ' ');      /* Add ' ' between args */
                }
                goto done;
 
        case XLAT_BOX:
                /*
                 *      @todo - respect node->quote here, too.  Which also means updating the parser.
                 */
                if (node->quote == T_BARE_WORD) {
                        if (node->data.enumv &&
                            (strncmp(node->fmt, "::", 2) == 0)) {
                                FR_SBUFF_IN_STRCPY_LITERAL_RETURN(out, "::");
                        }
 
                        FR_SBUFF_RETURN(fr_value_box_print, out, &node->data, e_rules);
                } else {
                        FR_SBUFF_RETURN(fr_value_box_print_quoted, out, &node->data, node->quote);
                }
                goto done;
 
        case XLAT_TMPL:
                if (node->vpt->rules.cast != FR_TYPE_NULL) {
                        FR_SBUFF_IN_CHAR_RETURN(out, '(');
                        FR_SBUFF_IN_STRCPY_RETURN(out, fr_type_to_str(node->vpt->rules.cast));
                        FR_SBUFF_IN_CHAR_RETURN(out, ')');
                }
 
                if (tmpl_is_data(node->vpt)) {
                        /*
                         *      @todo - until such time as the value
                         *      box functions print "::" before enum
                         *      names.
                         *
                         *      Arguably it should _always_ print the
                         *      "::" before enum names, even if the
                         *      input didn't have "::".  But that's
                         *      addressed when the prefix is required,
                         *      OR when the value-box functions are
                         *      updated.
                         */
                        if (node->vpt->data.literal.enumv &&
                            (strncmp(node->fmt, "::", 2) == 0)) {
                                FR_SBUFF_IN_STRCPY_LITERAL_RETURN(out, "::");
                        }
                        FR_SBUFF_RETURN(fr_value_box_print_quoted, out, tmpl_value(node->vpt), node->vpt->quote);
                        goto done;
                }
                if (tmpl_needs_resolving(node->vpt)) {
                        if (node->vpt->quote != T_BARE_WORD) {
                                FR_SBUFF_IN_CHAR_RETURN(out, fr_token_quote[node->vpt->quote]);
                        }
                        FR_SBUFF_IN_STRCPY_RETURN(out, node->vpt->name); /* @todo - escape it? */
                        if (node->vpt->quote != T_BARE_WORD) {
                                FR_SBUFF_IN_CHAR_RETURN(out, fr_token_quote[node->vpt->quote]);
                        }
                        goto done;
                }
 
                if (tmpl_contains_xlat(node->vpt)) { /* xlat and exec */
                        if (node->vpt->quote == T_BARE_WORD) {
                                xlat_print(out, tmpl_xlat(node->vpt), NULL);
                        } else {
                                FR_SBUFF_IN_CHAR_RETURN(out, fr_token_quote[node->vpt->quote]);
                                xlat_print(out, tmpl_xlat(node->vpt), fr_value_escape_by_quote[node->quote]);
                                FR_SBUFF_IN_CHAR_RETURN(out, fr_token_quote[node->vpt->quote]);
                        }
                        goto done;
                }
 
                /*
                 *      Regexes need their own print routine, as they need to print the flags, too.
                 *
                 *      Regexes should also "eat" their arguments into their instance data, so that we should
                 *      never try to print a regex.
                 */
                fr_assert(!tmpl_contains_regex(node->vpt));
 
                // attr or list
                fr_assert(tmpl_is_attr(node->vpt));
                fr_assert(talloc_parent(node->vpt) == node);
                fr_assert(!node->flags.pure);
 
                /*
                 *      No '&', print the name, BUT without any attribute prefix.
                 */
                if (!node->vpt->rules.attr.xlat) {
                        char const *p = node->fmt;
 
                        if (*p == '&') p++;
 
                        FR_SBUFF_IN_STRCPY_RETURN(out, p);
                        goto done;
                }
                break;
 
        case XLAT_ONE_LETTER:
                FR_SBUFF_IN_CHAR_RETURN(out, '%', node->fmt[0]);
                goto done;
 
        case XLAT_FUNC:
                /*
                 *      We have a callback for printing this node, go
                 *      call it.
                 */
                if (node->call.func->print) {
                        slen = node->call.func->print(out, node, node->call.inst->data, e_rules);
                        if (slen < 0) return slen;
                        goto done;
                }
                break;
 
        default:
                break;
        }
 
        /*
         *      Now print %(...) or %{...}
         */
        if ((node->type == XLAT_FUNC) || (node->type == XLAT_FUNC_UNRESOLVED)) {
                FR_SBUFF_IN_CHAR_RETURN(out, '%'); /* then the name */
                close = ')';
        } else {
                FR_SBUFF_IN_STRCPY_LITERAL_RETURN(out, "%{");
                close = '}';
        }
 
        switch (node->type) {
        case XLAT_TMPL:
                slen = tmpl_attr_print(out, node->vpt);
                if (slen < 0) return slen;
                break;
 
#ifdef HAVE_REGEX
        case XLAT_REGEX:
                FR_SBUFF_IN_SPRINTF_RETURN(out, "%i", node->regex_index);
                break;
#endif
 
        case XLAT_FUNC:
                FR_SBUFF_IN_BSTRCPY_BUFFER_RETURN(out, node->call.func->name);
                FR_SBUFF_IN_CHAR_RETURN(out, '(');
 
                goto print_args;
 
        case XLAT_FUNC_UNRESOLVED:
                FR_SBUFF_IN_BSTRCPY_BUFFER_RETURN(out, node->fmt);
                FR_SBUFF_IN_CHAR_RETURN(out, '(');
 
        print_args:
                if (xlat_exp_head(node->call.args)) {
                        xlat_exp_foreach(node->call.args, child) {
                                slen = xlat_print_node(out, node->call.args, child, &xlat_escape, ',');
                                if (slen < 0) return slen;
                        }
                }
                break;
 
        case XLAT_INVALID:
        case XLAT_BOX:
        case XLAT_ONE_LETTER:
        case XLAT_GROUP:
                fr_assert_fail(NULL);
                break;
        }
        FR_SBUFF_IN_CHAR_RETURN(out, close);
 
done:
        if (node->flags.xlat) FR_SBUFF_IN_CHAR_RETURN(out, '}');
 
        return fr_sbuff_used_total(out) - at_in;
}
 
/** Reconstitute an xlat expression from its constituent nodes
 *
 * @param[in] out       Where to write the output string.
 * @param[in] head      First node to print.
 * @param[in] e_rules   Specifying how to escape literal values.
 */
ssize_t xlat_print(fr_sbuff_t *out, xlat_exp_head_t const *head, fr_sbuff_escape_rules_t const *e_rules)
{
        ssize_t                 slen;
        size_t                  at_in = fr_sbuff_used_total(out);
 
        xlat_exp_foreach(head, node) {
                slen = xlat_print_node(out, head, node, e_rules, 0);
                if (slen < 0) {
                        /* coverity[return_overflow] */
                        return slen - (fr_sbuff_used_total(out) - at_in);
                }
        }
 
        return fr_sbuff_used_total(out) - at_in;
}
 
#if 0
static void xlat_safe_for(xlat_exp_head_t *head, fr_value_box_safe_for_t safe_for)
{
        xlat_exp_foreach(head, node) {
                switch (node->type) {
                case XLAT_BOX:
                        if (node->data.safe_for != safe_for) {
                                ERROR("FAILED %lx %lx - %s", node->data.safe_for, safe_for, node->fmt);
                        }
                        fr_assert(node->data.safe_for == safe_for);
                        break;
 
                case XLAT_GROUP:
                        xlat_safe_for(node->group, safe_for);
                        break;
 
                case XLAT_TMPL:
                        if (!tmpl_is_xlat(node->vpt)) break;
 
                        xlat_safe_for(tmpl_xlat(node->vpt), safe_for);
                        break;
 
                default:
                        break;
                }
        }
}
#endif
 
 
fr_slen_t xlat_tokenize_word(TALLOC_CTX *ctx, xlat_exp_t **out, fr_sbuff_t *in, fr_token_t quote,
                             fr_sbuff_parse_rules_t const *p_rules, tmpl_rules_t const *t_rules)
{
        int             triple = 1;
        ssize_t         slen;
        fr_sbuff_t      our_in = FR_SBUFF(in);
        xlat_exp_t      *node;
        fr_sbuff_marker_t m;
 
        /*
         *      Triple-quoted strings have different terminal conditions.
         */
        switch (quote) {
        case T_SOLIDUS_QUOTED_STRING:
                fr_strerror_const("Unexpected regular expression");
                fr_sbuff_advance(in, -1); /* to the actual '/' */
                our_in = FR_SBUFF(in);
                FR_SBUFF_ERROR_RETURN(&our_in);
 
        default:
                fr_assert(0);
                FR_SBUFF_ERROR_RETURN(&our_in);
 
        case T_BARE_WORD:
#ifdef HAVE_REGEX
                fr_sbuff_marker(&m, &our_in);
 
                /*
                 *      Regular expression expansions are %{...}
                 */
                if (fr_sbuff_adv_past_str_literal(&our_in, "%{")) {
                        int ret;
                        fr_sbuff_marker_t m_s;
 
                        fr_sbuff_marker(&m_s, &our_in);
 
                        ret = xlat_tokenize_regex(ctx, &node, &our_in, &m_s);
                        if (ret < 0) FR_SBUFF_ERROR_RETURN(&our_in);
 
                        if (ret == 1) goto done;
 
                        fr_sbuff_set(&our_in, &m);
                }
#endif /* HAVE_REGEX */
 
#if 0
                /*
                 *      Avoid a bounce through tmpls for %{...} and %func()
                 *
                 *      @todo   %{...}    --> tokenize expression
                 *              %foo(..)  --> tokenize_function_args (and have that function look for ()
                 *              %Y or %Y() --> one letter
                 */
                if (fr_sbuff_is_char(&our_in, '%')) {
                        xlat_exp_head_t *head = NULL;
 
                        MEM(head = xlat_exp_head_alloc(ctx));
 
                        slen = xlat_tokenize_input(head, &our_in, p_rules, t_rules);
                        if (slen <= 0) {
                                talloc_free(head);
                                FR_SBUFF_ERROR_RETURN(&our_in);
                        }
 
                        fr_assert(fr_dlist_num_elements(&head->dlist) == 1);
 
                        node = fr_dlist_pop_head(&head->dlist);
                        fr_assert(node != NULL);
                        (void) talloc_steal(ctx, node);
                        talloc_free(head);
                        goto done;
                }
#endif
                break;
 
        case T_DOUBLE_QUOTED_STRING:
        case T_SINGLE_QUOTED_STRING:
        case T_BACK_QUOTED_STRING:
                p_rules = value_parse_rules_quoted[quote];
 
                if (fr_sbuff_remaining(&our_in) >= 2) {
                        char const *p = fr_sbuff_current(&our_in);
                        char c = fr_token_quote[quote];
 
                        /*
                         *      """foo "quote" and end"""
                         */
                        if ((p[0] == c) && (p[1] == c)) {
                                triple = 3;
                                (void) fr_sbuff_advance(&our_in, 2);
                                p_rules = value_parse_rules_3quoted[quote];
                        }
                }
                break;
        }
 
        switch (quote) {
                /*
                 *      `foo` is a tmpl, and is NOT a group.
                 */
        case T_BACK_QUOTED_STRING:
        case T_BARE_WORD:
                MEM(node = xlat_exp_alloc(ctx, XLAT_TMPL, NULL, 0));
                node->quote = quote;
 
                /*
                 *      tmpl_afrom_substr does pretty much all the work of
                 *      parsing the operand.  It pays attention to the cast on
                 *      our_t_rules, and will try to parse any data there as
                 *      of the correct type.
                 */
                slen = tmpl_afrom_substr(node, &node->vpt, &our_in, quote, p_rules, t_rules);
                if (slen <= 0) {
                        fr_sbuff_advance(&our_in, -slen - 1); /* point to the correct offset */
 
                error:
                        talloc_free(node);
                        FR_SBUFF_ERROR_RETURN(&our_in);
                }
                xlat_exp_set_vpt(node, node->vpt); /* sets flags */
 
                if (xlat_tmpl_normalize(node) < 0) goto error;
 
                if (quote == T_BARE_WORD) goto done;
 
                break;          /* exec - look for closing quote */
 
                /*
                 *      "Double quoted strings may contain %{expansions}"
                 */
        case T_DOUBLE_QUOTED_STRING:
                MEM(node = xlat_exp_alloc(ctx, XLAT_GROUP, NULL, 0));
                node->quote = quote;
 
                fr_sbuff_marker(&m, &our_in);
                XLAT_DEBUG("ARGV double quotes <-- %.*s", (int) fr_sbuff_remaining(&our_in), fr_sbuff_current(&our_in));
 
                if (xlat_tokenize_input(node->group, &our_in, p_rules, t_rules) < 0) goto error;
 
                node->flags = node->group->flags;
                node->hoist = true;
                xlat_exp_set_name(node, fr_sbuff_current(&m), fr_sbuff_behind(&m));
 
                /*
                 *      There's no expansion in the string.  Hoist the value-box.
                 */
                if (node->flags.constant) {
                        xlat_exp_t *child;
 
                        /*
                         *      The list is either empty, or else it has one child, which is the constant
                         *      node.
                         */
                        if (fr_dlist_num_elements(&node->group->dlist) == 0) {
                                xlat_exp_set_type(node, XLAT_BOX);
 
                                fr_value_box_init(&node->data, FR_TYPE_STRING, NULL, false);
                                fr_value_box_strdup(node, &node->data, NULL, "", false);
 
                        } else {
                                fr_assert(fr_dlist_num_elements(&node->group->dlist) == 1);
 
                                child = talloc_steal(ctx, xlat_exp_head(node->group));
                                talloc_free(node);
                                node = child;
                        }
 
                        fr_assert(node->type == XLAT_BOX);
 
                        node->quote = quote; /* not the same node! */
                }
                break;
 
                /*
                 *      'Single quoted strings get parsed as literal strings'
                 */
        case T_SINGLE_QUOTED_STRING:
        {
                char            *str;
 
                XLAT_DEBUG("ARGV single quotes <-- %.*s", (int) fr_sbuff_remaining(&our_in), fr_sbuff_current(&our_in));
 
                node = xlat_exp_alloc(ctx, XLAT_BOX, NULL, 0);
                node->quote = quote;
 
                slen = fr_sbuff_out_aunescape_until(node, &str, &our_in, SIZE_MAX, p_rules->terminals, p_rules->escapes);
                if (slen < 0) goto error;
 
                xlat_exp_set_name_shallow(node, str);
                fr_value_box_strdup(node, &node->data, NULL, str, false);
                fr_value_box_mark_safe_for(&node->data, t_rules->literals_safe_for);    /* Literal values are treated as implicitly safe */
        }
                break;
 
        default:
                fr_strerror_const("Internal sanity check failed in tokenizing expansion word");
                FR_SBUFF_ERROR_RETURN(&our_in);
        }
 
        /*
         *      Ensure that the string ends with the correct number of quotes.
         */
        do {
                if (!fr_sbuff_is_char(&our_in, fr_token_quote[quote])) {
                        fr_strerror_const("Unterminated string");
                        fr_sbuff_set_to_start(&our_in);
                        goto error;
                }
 
                fr_sbuff_advance(&our_in, 1);
        } while (--triple > 0);
 
done:
        *out = node;
 
        FR_SBUFF_SET_RETURN(in, &our_in);
}
 
/** Tokenize an xlat expansion into a series of XLAT_TYPE_CHILD arguments
 *
 * @param[in] ctx               to allocate nodes in.  Note: All nodes will be
 *                              allocated in the same ctx.  This is to allow
 *                              manipulation by xlat instantiation functions
 *                              later.
 * @param[out] out              the head of the xlat list / tree structure.
 * @param[in] in                the format string to expand.
 * @param[in] xlat              we're tokenizing arguments for.
 * @param[in] p_rules           controlling how to parse the string outside of
 *                              any expansions.
 * @param[in] t_rules           controlling how attribute references are parsed.
 * @param[in] spaces            whether the arguments are delimited by spaces
 * @return
 *      - < 0 on error.
 *      - >0  on success which is the number of characters parsed.
 */
fr_slen_t xlat_tokenize_argv(TALLOC_CTX *ctx, xlat_exp_head_t **out, fr_sbuff_t *in,
                             xlat_t const *xlat,
                             fr_sbuff_parse_rules_t const *p_rules, tmpl_rules_t const *t_rules, bool spaces)
{
        int                             argc;
        fr_sbuff_t                      our_in = FR_SBUFF(in);
        ssize_t                         slen;
        fr_sbuff_marker_t               m;
        fr_sbuff_parse_rules_t const    *our_p_rules;           /* Bareword parse rules */
        fr_sbuff_parse_rules_t          tmp_p_rules;
        xlat_exp_head_t                 *head;
        xlat_arg_parser_t const         *arg = NULL, *arg_start;
        tmpl_rules_t                    arg_t_rules;
 
        if (xlat && xlat->args) {
                arg_start = arg = xlat->args;   /* Track the arguments as we parse */
        } else {
                static xlat_arg_parser_t const  default_arg[] = { { .variadic = XLAT_ARG_VARIADIC_EMPTY_SQUASH, .type = FR_TYPE_VOID  },
                                                                  XLAT_ARG_PARSER_TERMINATOR };
                arg_start = arg = &default_arg[0];
        }
        arg_t_rules = *t_rules;
 
        if (unlikely(spaces)) {
                fr_assert(p_rules != &xlat_function_arg_rules);
                if (p_rules) {  /* only for tmpl_tokenize, and back-ticks */
                        fr_assert(p_rules->terminals);
 
                        tmp_p_rules = (fr_sbuff_parse_rules_t){ /* Stack allocated due to CL scope */
                                .terminals = fr_sbuff_terminals_amerge(NULL, p_rules->terminals,
                                                                       value_parse_rules_bareword_quoted.terminals),
                                .escapes = (p_rules->escapes ? p_rules->escapes : value_parse_rules_bareword_quoted.escapes)
                        };
                        our_p_rules = &tmp_p_rules;
                } else {
                        our_p_rules = &value_parse_rules_bareword_quoted;                       
                }
 
        } else {
                fr_assert(p_rules == &xlat_function_arg_rules);
                fr_assert(p_rules->terminals);
 
                our_p_rules = p_rules;
 
                /*
                 *      The arguments to a function are NOT the output data type of the function.
                 *
                 *      We do NOT check for quotation characters.  We DO update t_rules to strip any casts.  The
                 *      OUTPUT of the function is cast to the relevant data type, but each ARGUMENT is just an
                 *      expression with no given data type.  Parsing the expression is NOT done with the cast of
                 *      arg->type, as that means each individual piece of the expression is parsed as the type.  We
                 *      have to cast on the final _output_ of the expression, and we allow the _input_ pieces of the
                 *      expression to be just about anything.
                 */
                arg_t_rules.enumv = NULL;
                arg_t_rules.cast = FR_TYPE_NULL;
                arg_t_rules.attr.namespace = NULL;
                arg_t_rules.attr.request_def = NULL;
                arg_t_rules.attr.list_def = request_attr_request;
                arg_t_rules.attr.list_presence = TMPL_ATTR_LIST_ALLOW;
        }
 
        MEM(head = xlat_exp_head_alloc(ctx));
 
        /*
         *      skip spaces at the beginning as we don't want them to become a whitespace literal.
         */
        fr_sbuff_adv_past_whitespace(&our_in, SIZE_MAX, NULL);
        fr_sbuff_marker(&m, &our_in);
        argc = 1;
 
        while (fr_sbuff_extend(&our_in)) {
                xlat_exp_t      *node = NULL;
                fr_token_t      quote;
                size_t          len;
 
                arg_t_rules.literals_safe_for = arg->safe_for;
 
                fr_sbuff_adv_past_whitespace(&our_in, SIZE_MAX, NULL);
                fr_sbuff_set(&m, &our_in);      /* Record start of argument */
 
                MEM(node = xlat_exp_alloc(ctx, XLAT_GROUP, NULL, 0)); /* quote = T_BARE_WORD */
 
                if (likely(!spaces)) {
                        /*
                         *      We've reached the end of the arguments, don't try to tokenize anything else.
                         */
                        if (fr_sbuff_is_char(&our_in, ')')) {
                                slen = 0;
 
                        } else {
                                /*
                                 *      Parse a full expression as an argv, all the way to a terminal character.
                                 *      We use the input parse rules here.
                                 */
                                slen = xlat_tokenize_expression(node, &node->group, &our_in, our_p_rules, &arg_t_rules);
                        }
                } else {
                        fr_sbuff_out_by_longest_prefix(&slen, &quote, xlat_quote_table, &our_in, T_BARE_WORD);
 
                        node->quote = quote;
 
                        if (quote == T_BARE_WORD) {
                                /*
                                 *      Each argument is a bare word all by itself, OR an xlat thing all by itself.
                                 */
                                slen = xlat_tokenize_input(node->group, &our_in, our_p_rules, &arg_t_rules);
 
                        } else {
                                xlat_exp_t *child = NULL;
 
                                slen = xlat_tokenize_word(node->group, &child, &our_in, quote, our_p_rules, &arg_t_rules);
                                if (child) {
                                        fr_assert(slen > 0);
 
                                        xlat_exp_insert_tail(node->group, child);
                                }
                        }
                }
 
                if (slen < 0) {
                error:
                        if (our_p_rules == &tmp_p_rules) talloc_const_free(our_p_rules->terminals);
                        talloc_free(head);
 
                        FR_SBUFF_ERROR_RETURN(&our_in); /* error */
                }
                fr_assert(node != NULL);
 
                /*
                 *      No data, but the argument was required.  Complain.
                 */
                if (!slen && arg->required) {
                        fr_strerror_printf("Missing required arg %u", argc);
                        goto error;
                }
 
                fr_assert(node->type == XLAT_GROUP);
                node->flags = node->group->flags;
 
                /*
                 *      Check number of arguments.
                 */
                if (arg->type == FR_TYPE_NULL) {
                        fr_strerror_printf("Too many arguments, expected %zu, got %d",
                                           (size_t) (arg - arg_start), argc);
                        fr_sbuff_set(&our_in, &m);
                        goto error;
                }
 
                if (!node->fmt) xlat_exp_set_name(node, fr_sbuff_current(&m), fr_sbuff_behind(&m));
 
                /*
                 *      Ensure that the function args are correct.
                 */
                if (xlat_validate_function_arg(arg, node, argc) < 0) {
                        fr_sbuff_set(&our_in, &m);
                        goto error;
                }
 
                xlat_exp_insert_tail(head, node);
 
                /*
                 *      If we're not and the end of the string
                 *      and there's no whitespace between tokens
                 *      then error.
                 */
                fr_sbuff_set(&m, &our_in);
                len = fr_sbuff_adv_past_whitespace(&our_in, SIZE_MAX, NULL);
 
               /*
                *       Commas are in the list of terminals, but we skip over them, and keep parsing more
                *       arguments.
                */
                if (!spaces) {
                        fr_assert(p_rules && p_rules->terminals);
 
                        if (fr_sbuff_next_if_char(&our_in, ',')) goto next;
 
                        if (fr_sbuff_is_char(&our_in, ')')) break;
 
                        if (fr_sbuff_eof(&our_in)) {
                                fr_strerror_printf("Missing ')' after argument %d", argc);
                                goto error;
                        }
 
                        fr_strerror_printf("Unexpected text after argument %d", argc);
                        goto error;
                }
 
                /*
                 *      Check to see if we have a terminal char, which at this point has to be '``.
                 */
                if (our_p_rules->terminals) {
                        if (fr_sbuff_is_terminal(&our_in, our_p_rules->terminals)) break;
 
                        if (fr_sbuff_eof(&our_in)) {
                                fr_strerror_printf("Unexpected end of input string after argument %d", argc);
                                goto error;
                        }
                }
 
                /*
                 *      Otherwise, if we can extend, and found
                 *      no additional whitespace, it means two
                 *      arguments were smushed together.
                 */
                if (fr_sbuff_extend(&our_in) && (len == 0)) {
                        fr_strerror_const("Unexpected text after argument");
                        goto error;
                }
        next:
                if (!arg->variadic) {
                        arg++;
                        argc++;
 
                        if (arg->type == FR_TYPE_NULL) {
                                fr_strerror_printf("Too many arguments, expected %zu, got %d",
                                                   (size_t) (arg - arg_start), argc);
                                goto error;
                        }
                }
        }
 
        if (our_p_rules == &tmp_p_rules) talloc_const_free(our_p_rules->terminals);
 
        XLAT_HEAD_VERIFY(head);
        *out = head;
 
        FR_SBUFF_SET_RETURN(in, &our_in);
}
 
/** Tokenize an xlat expansion
 *
 * @param[in] ctx                       to allocate dynamic buffers in.
 * @param[out] out                      the head of the xlat list / tree structure.
 * @param[in] in                        the format string to expand.
 * @param[in] p_rules                   controlling how the string containing the xlat
 *                                      expansions should be parsed.
 * @param[in] t_rules                   controlling how attribute references are parsed.
 * @return
 *      - >0 on success.
 *      - 0 and *head == NULL - Parse failure on first char.
 *      - 0 and *head != NULL - Zero length expansion
 *      - < 0 the negative offset of the parse failure.
 */
fr_slen_t xlat_tokenize(TALLOC_CTX *ctx, xlat_exp_head_t **out, fr_sbuff_t *in,
                        fr_sbuff_parse_rules_t const *p_rules, tmpl_rules_t const *t_rules)
{
        fr_sbuff_t      our_in = FR_SBUFF(in);
        xlat_exp_head_t *head;
 
        MEM(head = xlat_exp_head_alloc(ctx));
        fr_strerror_clear();    /* Clear error buffer */
 
        if (xlat_tokenize_input(head, &our_in, p_rules, t_rules) < 0) {
                talloc_free(head);
                FR_SBUFF_ERROR_RETURN(&our_in);
        }
 
        /*
         *      Add nodes that need to be bootstrapped to
         *      the registry.
         */
        if (xlat_finalize(head, t_rules->xlat.runtime_el) < 0) {
                talloc_free(head);
                return 0;
        }
 
        XLAT_HEAD_VERIFY(head);
        *out = head;
 
        FR_SBUFF_SET_RETURN(in, &our_in);
}
 
/** Check to see if the expansion consists entirely of value-box elements
 *
 * @param[in] head      to check.
 * @return
 *      - true if expansion contains only literal elements.
 *      - false if expansion contains expandable elements.
 */
bool xlat_is_literal(xlat_exp_head_t const *head)
{
        xlat_exp_foreach(head, node) {
                if (node->type != XLAT_BOX) return false;
        }
 
        return true;
}
 
/** Check to see if the expansion needs resolving
 *
 * @param[in] head      to check.
 * @return
 *      - true if expansion needs resolving
 *      - false otherwise
 */
bool xlat_needs_resolving(xlat_exp_head_t const *head)
{
        return head->flags.needs_resolving;
}
 
/** Convert an xlat node to an unescaped literal string and free the original node
 *
 *  This is really "unparse the xlat nodes, and convert back to their original string".
 *
 * @param[in] ctx       to allocate the new string in.
 * @param[out] str      a duplicate of the node's fmt string.
 * @param[in,out] head  to convert.
 * @return
 *      - true  the tree consists of a single value node which was converted.
 *      - false the tree was more complex than a single literal, op was a noop.
 */
bool xlat_to_string(TALLOC_CTX *ctx, char **str, xlat_exp_head_t **head)
{
        fr_sbuff_t              out;
        fr_sbuff_uctx_talloc_t  tctx;
        size_t                  len = 0;
 
        if (!*head) return false;
 
        /*
         *      Instantiation functions may chop
         *      up the node list into multiple
         *      literals, so we need to walk the
         *      list until we find a non-literal.
         */
        xlat_exp_foreach(*head, node) {
                if (node->type != XLAT_BOX) return false;
                len += talloc_array_length(node->fmt) - 1;
        }
 
        fr_sbuff_init_talloc(ctx, &out, &tctx, len, SIZE_MAX);
 
        xlat_exp_foreach(*head, node) {
                fr_sbuff_in_bstrcpy_buffer(&out, node->fmt);
        }
 
        *str = fr_sbuff_buff(&out);     /* No need to trim, should be the correct length */
 
        return true;
}
 
/** Walk over an xlat tree recursively, resolving any unresolved functions or references
 *
 * @param[in,out] head          of xlat tree to resolve.
 * @param[in] xr_rules          Specifies rules to use for resolution passes after initial
 *                              tokenization.
 * @return
 *      - 0 on success.
 *      - -1 on failure.
 */
int xlat_resolve(xlat_exp_head_t *head, xlat_res_rules_t const *xr_rules)
{
        static xlat_res_rules_t         xr_default;
        xlat_flags_t                    our_flags;
        xlat_t                          *func;
 
        if (!head->flags.needs_resolving) return 0;                     /* Already done */
 
        if (!xr_rules) xr_rules = &xr_default;
 
        our_flags = XLAT_FLAGS_INIT;
 
        xlat_exp_foreach(head, node) {
                /*
                 *      This node and none of its children need resolving
                 */
                if (!node->flags.needs_resolving) {
                        xlat_flags_merge(&our_flags, &node->flags);
                        continue;
                }
 
                switch (node->type) {
                case XLAT_GROUP:
                        if (xlat_resolve(node->group, xr_rules) < 0) return -1;
                        node->flags = node->group->flags;
                        break;
 
                /*
                 *      An unresolved function.
                 */
                case XLAT_FUNC_UNRESOLVED:
                        /*
                         *      Try to find the function
                         */
                        func = xlat_func_find(node->fmt, talloc_array_length(node->fmt) - 1);
                        if (!func) {
                                /*
                                 *      FIXME - Produce proper error with marker
                                 */
                                if (!xr_rules->allow_unresolved) {
                                        fr_strerror_printf("Failed resolving function \"%pV\"",
                                                           fr_box_strvalue_buffer(node->fmt));
                                        return -1;
                                }
                                break;
                        }
 
                        xlat_exp_set_type(node, XLAT_FUNC);
                        xlat_exp_set_func(node, func, xr_rules->tr_rules->dict_def);
 
                        /*
                         *      Check input arguments of our freshly resolved function
                         */
                        if (xlat_validate_function_args(node) < 0) return -1;
 
                        /*
                         *      Add the freshly resolved function
                         *      to the bootstrap tree.
                         */
                        if (xlat_instance_register_func(node) < 0) return -1;
 
                        /*
                         *      The function is now resolved, so we go through the normal process of resolving
                         *      its arguments, etc.
                         */
                        FALL_THROUGH;
 
                /*
                 *      A resolved function with unresolved args.  We re-initialize the flags from the
                 *      function definition, resolve the arguments, and update the flags.
                 */
                case XLAT_FUNC:
                        node->flags = node->call.func->flags;
 
                        if (node->call.func->resolve) {
                                void *inst = node->call.inst ? node->call.inst->data : NULL;
 
                                if (node->call.func->resolve(node, inst, xr_rules) < 0) return -1;
 
                        } else if (node->call.args) {
                                if (xlat_resolve(node->call.args, xr_rules) < 0) return -1;
 
                        } /* else the function takes no arguments */
 
                        node->flags.needs_resolving = false;
                        xlat_exp_finalize_func(node);
                        break;
 
                case XLAT_TMPL:
                        /*
                         *      Resolve any nested xlats in regexes, exec, or xlats.
                         */
                        if (tmpl_resolve(node->vpt, xr_rules->tr_rules) < 0) return -1;
 
                        fr_assert(!tmpl_needs_resolving(node->vpt));
                        node->flags.needs_resolving = false;
 
                        if (xlat_tmpl_normalize(node) < 0) return -1;
                        break;
 
                default:
                        fr_assert(0);   /* boxes, one letter, etc. should not have been marked as unresolved */
                        return -1;
                }
 
                xlat_flags_merge(&our_flags, &node->flags);
        }
 
        head->flags = our_flags;
 
        fr_assert(!head->flags.needs_resolving);
 
        return 0;
}
 
 
/** Try to convert an xlat to a tmpl for efficiency
 *
 * @param ctx to allocate new tmpl_t in.
 * @param head to convert.
 * @return
 *      - NULL if unable to convert (not necessarily error).
 *      - A new #tmpl_t.
 */
tmpl_t *xlat_to_tmpl_attr(TALLOC_CTX *ctx, xlat_exp_head_t *head)
{
        tmpl_t *vpt;
        xlat_exp_t *node = xlat_exp_head(head);
 
        if (!node || (node->type != XLAT_TMPL) || !tmpl_is_attr(node->vpt)) return NULL;
 
        /*
         *   Concat means something completely different as an attribute reference
         *   Count isn't implemented.
         */
        if ((tmpl_attr_tail_num(node->vpt) == NUM_COUNT) || (tmpl_attr_tail_num(node->vpt) == NUM_ALL)) return NULL;
 
        vpt = tmpl_alloc(ctx, TMPL_TYPE_ATTR, T_BARE_WORD, node->fmt, talloc_array_length(node->fmt) - 1);
        if (!vpt) return NULL;
 
        tmpl_attr_copy(vpt, node->vpt);
 
        TMPL_VERIFY(vpt);
 
        return vpt;
}
 
bool xlat_impure_func(xlat_exp_head_t const *head)
{
        return head->flags.impure_func;
}
 
/*
 *      Try to determine the output data type of an expansion.
 *
 *      This is only a best guess for now.
 */
fr_type_t xlat_data_type(xlat_exp_head_t const *head)
{
        xlat_exp_t *node;
 
        node = xlat_exp_head(head);
        fr_assert(node);
 
        if (xlat_exp_next(head, node)) return FR_TYPE_NULL;
 
        if (node->quote != T_BARE_WORD) return FR_TYPE_STRING;
 
        if (node->type == XLAT_FUNC) {
                return node->call.func->return_type;
        }
 
        if (node->type == XLAT_TMPL) {
                return tmpl_data_type(node->vpt);
        }
 
        return FR_TYPE_NULL;
}