rest.c

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/*
 *   This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify
 *   it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by
 *   the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or
 *   (at your option) any later version.
 *
 *   This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
 *   but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
 *   MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the
 *   GNU General Public License for more details.
 *
 *   You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License
 *   along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software
 *   Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301, USA
 */
 
/**
 * $Id: 33ddb2fc78305e6b36bc7764652ae8534b2073d2 $
 *
 * @brief Functions and datatypes for the REST (HTTP) transport.
 * @file rest.c
 *
 * @copyright 2012-2021 Arran Cudbard-Bell (a.cudbardb@freeradius.org)
 */
RCSID("$Id: 33ddb2fc78305e6b36bc7764652ae8534b2073d2 $")
 
#define LOG_PREFIX mctx->mi->name
 
#include <ctype.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <time.h>
 
#include <freeradius-devel/server/base.h>
#include <freeradius-devel/server/log.h>
#include <freeradius-devel/server/pool.h>
#include <freeradius-devel/server/tmpl.h>
#include <freeradius-devel/unlang/call.h>
#include <freeradius-devel/util/skip.h>
#include <freeradius-devel/util/value.h>
 
#include <talloc.h>
 
#include "rest.h"
 
/** Table of encoder/decoder support.
 *
 * Indexes in this table match the http_body_type_t enum, and should be
 * updated if additional enum values are added.
 *
 * @see http_body_type_t
 */
const http_body_type_t http_body_type_supported[REST_HTTP_BODY_NUM_ENTRIES] = {
        REST_HTTP_BODY_UNKNOWN,                 // REST_HTTP_BODY_UNKNOWN
        REST_HTTP_BODY_UNSUPPORTED,             // REST_HTTP_BODY_UNSUPPORTED
        REST_HTTP_BODY_UNSUPPORTED,             // REST_HTTP_BODY_UNAVAILABLE
        REST_HTTP_BODY_UNSUPPORTED,             // REST_HTTP_BODY_INVALID
        REST_HTTP_BODY_NONE,                    // REST_HTTP_BODY_NONE
        REST_HTTP_BODY_CUSTOM,                  // REST_HTTP_BODY_CUSTOM
        REST_HTTP_BODY_POST,                    // REST_HTTP_BODY_POST
#ifdef HAVE_JSON
        REST_HTTP_BODY_JSON,                    // REST_HTTP_BODY_JSON
#else
        REST_HTTP_BODY_UNAVAILABLE,
#endif
        REST_HTTP_BODY_UNSUPPORTED,             // REST_HTTP_BODY_XML
        REST_HTTP_BODY_UNSUPPORTED,             // REST_HTTP_BODY_YAML
        REST_HTTP_BODY_INVALID,                 // REST_HTTP_BODY_HTML
        REST_HTTP_BODY_PLAIN                    // REST_HTTP_BODY_PLAIN
};
 
/*
 *      Lib CURL doesn't define symbols for unsupported auth methods
 */
#ifndef CURLOPT_TLSAUTH_SRP
#  define CURLOPT_TLSAUTH_SRP   0
#endif
#ifndef CURLAUTH_BASIC
#  define CURLAUTH_BASIC        0
#endif
#ifndef CURLAUTH_DIGEST
#  define CURLAUTH_DIGEST       0
#endif
#ifndef CURLAUTH_DIGEST_IE
#  define CURLAUTH_DIGEST_IE    0
#endif
#ifndef CURLAUTH_GSSNEGOTIATE
#  define CURLAUTH_GSSNEGOTIATE 0
#endif
#ifndef CURLAUTH_NTLM
#  define CURLAUTH_NTLM         0
#endif
#ifndef CURLAUTH_NTLM_WB
#  define CURLAUTH_NTLM_WB      0
#endif
 
/*
 *  CURL headers do:
 *
 *  #define curl_easy_setopt(handle,opt,param) curl_easy_setopt(handle,opt,param)
 */
const unsigned long http_curl_auth[REST_HTTP_AUTH_NUM_ENTRIES] = {
        [REST_HTTP_AUTH_UNKNOWN]                        = 0,
        [REST_HTTP_AUTH_NONE]                           = 0,
        [REST_HTTP_AUTH_TLS_SRP]                        = CURLOPT_TLSAUTH_SRP,
        [REST_HTTP_AUTH_BASIC]                          = CURLAUTH_BASIC,
        [REST_HTTP_AUTH_DIGEST]                         = CURLAUTH_DIGEST,
        [REST_HTTP_AUTH_DIGEST_IE]                      = CURLAUTH_DIGEST_IE,
        [REST_HTTP_AUTH_GSSNEGOTIATE]                   = CURLAUTH_GSSNEGOTIATE,
        [REST_HTTP_AUTH_NTLM]                           = CURLAUTH_NTLM,
        [REST_HTTP_AUTH_NTLM_WB]                        = CURLAUTH_NTLM_WB,
        [REST_HTTP_AUTH_ANY]                            = CURLAUTH_ANY,
        [REST_HTTP_AUTH_ANY_SAFE]                       = CURLAUTH_ANYSAFE
};
 
/** Conversion table for method config values.
 *
 * HTTP verb strings for http_method_t enum values. Used by libcurl in the
 * status line of the outgoing HTTP header, by rest_response_header for decoding
 * incoming HTTP responses, and by the configuration parser.
 *
 * @note must be kept in sync with http_method_t enum.
 *
 * @see http_method_t
 * @see fr_table_value_by_str
 * @see fr_table_str_by_value
 */
fr_table_num_sorted_t const http_method_table[] = {
        { L("DELETE"),                                  REST_HTTP_METHOD_DELETE         },
        { L("GET"),                                     REST_HTTP_METHOD_GET            },
        { L("PATCH"),                                   REST_HTTP_METHOD_PATCH          },
        { L("POST"),                                    REST_HTTP_METHOD_POST           },
        { L("PUT"),                                     REST_HTTP_METHOD_PUT            },
        { L("UNKNOWN"),                                 REST_HTTP_METHOD_UNKNOWN        }
};
size_t http_method_table_len = NUM_ELEMENTS(http_method_table);
 
/** Conversion table for type config values.
 *
 * Textual names for http_body_type_t enum values, used by the
 * configuration parser.
 *
 * @see http_body_Type_t
 * @see fr_table_value_by_str
 * @see fr_table_str_by_value
 */
fr_table_num_sorted_t const http_body_type_table[] = {
        { L("html"),                                    REST_HTTP_BODY_HTML             },
        { L("invalid"),                                 REST_HTTP_BODY_INVALID          },
        { L("json"),                                    REST_HTTP_BODY_JSON             },
        { L("none"),                                    REST_HTTP_BODY_NONE             },
        { L("plain"),                                   REST_HTTP_BODY_PLAIN            },
        { L("post"),                                    REST_HTTP_BODY_POST             },
        { L("unavailable"),                             REST_HTTP_BODY_UNAVAILABLE      },
        { L("unknown"),                                 REST_HTTP_BODY_UNKNOWN          },
        { L("unsupported"),                             REST_HTTP_BODY_UNSUPPORTED      },
        { L("xml"),                                     REST_HTTP_BODY_XML              },
        { L("yaml"),                                    REST_HTTP_BODY_YAML             }
};
size_t http_body_type_table_len = NUM_ELEMENTS(http_body_type_table);
 
fr_table_num_sorted_t const http_auth_table[] = {
        { L("any"),                                     REST_HTTP_AUTH_ANY              },
        { L("basic"),                                   REST_HTTP_AUTH_BASIC            },
        { L("digest"),                                  REST_HTTP_AUTH_DIGEST           },
        { L("digest-ie"),                               REST_HTTP_AUTH_DIGEST_IE        },
        { L("gss-negotiate"),                           REST_HTTP_AUTH_GSSNEGOTIATE     },
        { L("none"),                                    REST_HTTP_AUTH_NONE             },
        { L("ntlm"),                                    REST_HTTP_AUTH_NTLM             },
        { L("ntlm-winbind"),                            REST_HTTP_AUTH_NTLM_WB          },
        { L("safe"),                                    REST_HTTP_AUTH_ANY_SAFE         },
        { L("srp"),                                     REST_HTTP_AUTH_TLS_SRP          }
};
size_t http_auth_table_len = NUM_ELEMENTS(http_auth_table);
 
/** Conversion table for "Content-Type" header values.
 *
 * Used by rest_response_header for parsing incoming headers.
 *
 * Values we expect to see in the 'Content-Type:' header of the incoming
 * response.
 *
 * Some data types (like YAML) do no have standard MIME types defined,
 * so multiple types, are listed here.
 *
 * @see http_body_Type_t
 * @see fr_table_value_by_str
 * @see fr_table_str_by_value
 */
fr_table_num_sorted_t const http_content_type_table[] = {
        { L("application/json"),                        REST_HTTP_BODY_JSON             },
        { L("application/x-www-form-urlencoded"),       REST_HTTP_BODY_POST             },
        { L("application/x-yaml"),                      REST_HTTP_BODY_YAML             },
        { L("application/yaml"),                        REST_HTTP_BODY_YAML             },
        { L("text/html"),                               REST_HTTP_BODY_HTML             },
        { L("text/plain"),                              REST_HTTP_BODY_PLAIN            },
        { L("text/x-yaml"),                             REST_HTTP_BODY_YAML             },
        { L("text/xml"),                                REST_HTTP_BODY_XML              },
        { L("text/yaml"),                               REST_HTTP_BODY_YAML             }
};
size_t http_content_type_table_len = NUM_ELEMENTS(http_content_type_table);
 
/*
 *      Encoder specific structures.
 *      @todo split encoders/decoders into submodules.
 */
typedef struct {
        char const      *start; //!< Start of the buffer.
        char const      *p;     //!< how much text we've sent so far.
        size_t          len;    //!< Length of data
} rest_custom_data_t;
 
#ifdef HAVE_JSON
/** Flags to control the conversion of JSON values to fr_pair_ts.
 *
 * These fields are set when parsing the expanded format for value pairs in
 * JSON, and control how json_pair_alloc_leaf and json_pair_alloc convert the JSON
 * value, and move the new fr_pair_t into an attribute list.
 *
 * @see json_pair_alloc
 * @see json_pair_alloc_leaf
 */
typedef struct {
        int do_xlat;            //!< If true value will be expanded with xlat.
        int is_json;            //!< If true value will be inserted as raw JSON
                                // (multiple values not supported).
        fr_token_t op;          //!< The operator that determines how the new VP
                                // is processed. @see fr_tokens_table
} json_flags_t;
#endif
 
/** Frees a libcurl handle, and any additional memory used by context data.
 *
 * @param[in] randle fr_curl_io_request_t to close and free.
 * @return returns true.
 */
static int _mod_conn_free(fr_curl_io_request_t *randle)
{
        curl_easy_cleanup(randle->candle);
 
        return 0;
}
 
/** Creates a new connection handle for use by the FR connection API.
 *
 * Matches the fr_pool_connection_create_t function prototype, is passed to
 * fr_pool_init, and called when a new connection is required by the
 * connection pool API.
 *
 * Creates an instances of fr_curl_io_request_t, and rlm_rest_curl_context_t
 * which hold the context data required for generating requests and parsing
 * responses.
 *
 * @see fr_pool_init
 * @see fr_pool_connection_create_t
 * @see connection.c
 */
void *rest_mod_conn_create(TALLOC_CTX *ctx, void *instance, UNUSED fr_time_delta_t timeout)
{
        rlm_rest_t const        *inst = talloc_get_type_abort_const(instance, rlm_rest_t);
 
        fr_curl_io_request_t    *randle = NULL;
        rlm_rest_curl_context_t *curl_ctx = NULL;
 
        /*
         *  Allocate memory for the connection handle abstraction.
         */
        randle = fr_curl_io_request_alloc(ctx);
        if (!randle) return NULL;
 
        MEM(curl_ctx = talloc_zero(randle, rlm_rest_curl_context_t));
 
        curl_ctx->headers = NULL; /* CURL needs this to be NULL */
        curl_ctx->request.instance = inst;
        curl_ctx->response.instance = inst;
 
        randle->uctx = curl_ctx;
        talloc_set_destructor(randle, _mod_conn_free);
 
        return randle;
}
 
/** Copies a pre-expanded xlat string to the output buffer
 *
 * @param[out] out      Char buffer to write encoded data to.
 * @param[in] size      Multiply by nmemb to get the length of ptr.
 * @param[in] nmemb     Multiply by size to get the length of ptr.
 * @param[in] userdata  rlm_rest_request_t to keep encoding state between calls.
 * @return
 *      - Length of data (including NULL) written to ptr.
 *      - 0 if no more data to write.
 */
static size_t rest_encode_custom(void *out, size_t size, size_t nmemb, void *userdata)
{
        rlm_rest_request_t      *ctx = userdata;
        rest_custom_data_t      *data = ctx->encoder;
 
        size_t                  freespace = (size * nmemb) - 1;
        size_t                  len;
        size_t                  to_copy;
 
        /*
         *      Special case for empty body
         */
        if (data->len == 0) return 0;
 
        /*
         *      If len > 0 then we must have these set.
         */
        fr_assert(data->start);
        fr_assert(data->p);
 
        to_copy = data->len - (data->p - data->start);
        len = to_copy > freespace ? freespace : to_copy;
        if (len == 0) return 0;
 
        memcpy(out, data->p, len);
        data->p += len;
 
        return len;
}
 
/** Encodes fr_pair_t linked list in POST format
 *
 * This is a stream function matching the rest_read_t prototype. Multiple
 * successive calls will return additional encoded fr_pair_ts.
 * Only complete attribute headers @verbatim '<name>=' @endverbatim and values
 * will be written to the ptr buffer.
 *
 * POST request format is:
 * @verbatim <attribute0>=<value0>&<attribute1>=<value1>&<attributeN>=<valueN>@endverbatim
 *
 * All attributes and values are url encoded. There is currently no support for
 * nested attributes, or attribute qualifiers.
 *
 * Nested attributes may be added in the future using
 * @verbatim <attribute-outer>:<attribute-inner>@endverbatim
 * to denotate nesting.
 *
 * Requires libcurl for url encoding.
 *
 * @see rest_decode_post
 *
 * @param[out] out      Char buffer to write encoded data to.
 * @param[in] size      Multiply by nmemb to get the length of ptr.
 * @param[in] nmemb     Multiply by size to get the length of ptr.
 * @param[in] userdata  rlm_rest_request_t to keep encoding state between calls.
 * @return
 *      - Length of data (including NULL) written to ptr.
 *      - 0 if no more data to write.
 */
static size_t rest_encode_post(void *out, size_t size, size_t nmemb, void *userdata)
{
        rlm_rest_request_t      *ctx = userdata;
        request_t                       *request = ctx->request; /* Used by RDEBUG */
        fr_pair_t               *vp;
 
        size_t                  len = 0;
        ssize_t                 slen;
        size_t                  freespace = (size * nmemb) - 1;
 
        char                    *p = out;       /* Position in buffer */
        char                    *encoded = p;   /* Position in buffer of last fully encoded attribute or value */
        char                    *escaped;       /* Pointer to current URL escaped data */
 
        /* Allow manual chunking */
        if ((ctx->chunk) && (ctx->chunk <= freespace)) freespace = (ctx->chunk - 1);
 
        if (ctx->state == READ_STATE_END) return 0;
 
        /* Post data requires no headers */
        if (ctx->state == READ_STATE_INIT) ctx->state = READ_STATE_ATTR_BEGIN;
 
        while (freespace > 0) {
                vp = fr_dcursor_current(&ctx->cursor);
                if (!vp) {
                        ctx->state = READ_STATE_END;
 
                        break;
                }
 
                RDEBUG2("Encoding attribute \"%s\"", vp->da->name);
 
                if (ctx->state == READ_STATE_ATTR_BEGIN) {
                        escaped = curl_escape(vp->da->name, 0);
                        if (!escaped) {
                                REDEBUG("Failed escaping string \"%s\"", vp->da->name);
                                return 0;
                        }
 
                        len = strlen(escaped);
                        if (freespace < (1 + len)) {
                                curl_free(escaped);
                                /*
                                 *  Cleanup for error conditions
                                 */
                        no_space:
                                *encoded = '\0';
 
                                len = encoded - (char *)out;
 
                                RDEBUG3("POST Data: %pV", fr_box_strvalue_len(out, len));
 
                                /*
                                 *  The buffer wasn't big enough to encode a single attribute chunk.
                                 */
                                if (len == 0) {
                                        REDEBUG("Failed encoding attribute");
                                } else {
                                        RDEBUG3("Returning %zd bytes of POST data "
                                                "(buffer full or chunk exceeded)", len);
                                }
 
                                return len;
                        }
 
                        len = snprintf(p, freespace, "%s=", escaped);
                        curl_free(escaped);
                        p += len;
                        freespace -= len;
 
                        /*
                         *  We wrote the attribute header, record progress.
                         */
                        encoded = p;
                        ctx->state = READ_STATE_ATTR_CONT;
                }
 
                /*
                 *  Write out single attribute string.
                 */
                slen = fr_pair_print_value_quoted(&FR_SBUFF_OUT(p, freespace), vp, T_BARE_WORD);
                if (slen < 0) return 0;
 
                RINDENT();
                RDEBUG3("Length : %zd", (size_t)slen);
                REXDENT();
                if (slen > 0) {
                        escaped = curl_escape(p, (size_t)slen);
                        if (!escaped) {
                                REDEBUG("Failed escaping string \"%s\"", vp->da->name);
                                return 0;
                        }
                        len = strlen(escaped);
 
                        if (freespace < len) {
                                curl_free(escaped);
                                goto no_space;
                        }
 
                        len = strlcpy(p, escaped, len + 1);
 
                        curl_free(escaped);
 
                        RINDENT();
                        RDEBUG3("Value  : %s", p);
                        REXDENT();
 
                        p += len;
                        freespace -= len;
                }
 
                /*
                 *  there are more attributes, insert a separator
                 */
                if (fr_dcursor_next(&ctx->cursor)) {
                        if (freespace < 1) goto no_space;
                        *p++ = '&';
                        freespace--;
                }
 
                /*
                 *  We wrote one full attribute value pair, record progress.
                 */
                encoded = p;
 
                ctx->state = READ_STATE_ATTR_BEGIN;
        }
 
        *p = '\0';
 
        len = p - (char *)out;
 
        RDEBUG3("POST Data: %s", (char *)out);
        RDEBUG3("Returning %zd bytes of POST data", len);
 
        return len;
}
 
#ifdef HAVE_JSON
/** Encodes fr_pair_t linked list in JSON format
 *
 * This is a stream function matching the rest_read_t prototype. Multiple
 * successive calls will return additional encoded fr_pair_ts.
 *
 * Only complete attribute headers
 * @verbatim "<name>":{"type":"<type>","value":[' @endverbatim
 * and complete attribute values will be written to ptr.
 *
 * If an attribute occurs multiple times in the request the attribute values
 * will be concatenated into a single value array.
 *
 * JSON request format is:
@verbatim
{
        "<attribute0>":{
                "type":"<type0>",
                "value":[<value0>,<value1>,<valueN>]
        },
        "<attribute1>":{
                "type":"<type1>",
                "value":[...]
        },
        "<attributeN>":{
                "type":"<typeN>",
                "value":[...]
        },
}
@endverbatim
 *
 * @param[out] out      Char buffer to write encoded data to.
 * @param[in] size      Multiply by nmemb to get the length of ptr.
 * @param[in] nmemb     Multiply by size to get the length of ptr.
 * @param[in] userdata  rlm_rest_request_t to keep encoding state between calls.
 * @return
 *      - Length of data (including NULL) written to ptr.
 *      - 0 if no more data to write.
 */
static size_t rest_encode_json(void *out, size_t size, size_t nmemb, void *userdata)
{
        rlm_rest_request_t      *ctx = userdata;
        request_t                       *request = ctx->request;
        rest_custom_data_t      *data = ctx->encoder;
 
        size_t                  freespace = (size * nmemb) - 1;         /* account for the \0 byte here */
        size_t                  len;
        size_t                  to_copy;
        const char              *encoded;
 
        fr_assert(freespace > 0);
 
        if (ctx->state == READ_STATE_INIT) {
                encoded = fr_json_afrom_pair_list(data, &request->request_pairs, NULL);
                if (!encoded) return -1;
 
                data->start = data->p = encoded;
                data->len = strlen(encoded);
 
                RDEBUG3("JSON Data: %s", encoded);
                RDEBUG3("Returning %zd bytes of JSON data", data->len);
 
                ctx->state = READ_STATE_ATTR_BEGIN;
        }
 
        to_copy = data->len - (data->p - data->start);
        len = to_copy > freespace ? freespace : to_copy;
 
        if (len == 0) return 0;
 
        memcpy(out, data->p, len);
        data->p += len;
        return len;
}
#endif
 
/** Emulates successive libcurl calls to an encoding function
 *
 * This function is used when the request will be sent to the HTTP server as one
 * contiguous entity. A buffer of REST_BODY_ALLOC_CHUNK bytes is allocated and passed
 * to the stream encoding function.
 *
 * If the stream function does not return 0, a new buffer is allocated which is
 * the size of the previous buffer + REST_BODY_ALLOC_CHUNK bytes, the data from the
 * previous buffer is copied, and freed, and another call is made to the stream
 * function, passing a pointer into the new buffer at the end of the previously
 * written data.
 *
 * This process continues until the stream function signals (by returning 0)
 * that it has no more data to write.
 *
 * @param[out] out      where the pointer to the alloced buffer should
 *                      be written.
 * @param[in] inst      of rlm_rest.
 * @param[in] func      Stream function.
 * @param[in] limit     Maximum buffer size to alloc.
 * @param[in] userdata  rlm_rest_request_t to keep encoding state between calls to
 *                      stream function.
 * @return
 *      - Length of the data written to the buffer (excluding NULL).
 *      - -1 if alloc >= limit.
 */
static ssize_t rest_request_encode_wrapper(char **out, UNUSED rlm_rest_t const *inst,
                                           rest_read_t func, size_t limit, void *userdata)
{
        char    *buff = NULL;
        size_t  alloc = REST_BODY_ALLOC_CHUNK;  /* Size of buffer to alloc */
        size_t  used = 0;                       /* Size of data written */
        size_t  len = 0;
 
        buff = talloc_array(NULL, char, alloc);
        for (;;) {
                len = func(buff + used, alloc - used, 1, userdata);
                used += len;
                if (!len) {
                        *out = buff;
                        return used;
                }
 
                alloc = alloc * 2;
                if (alloc > limit) break;
 
                MEM(buff = talloc_realloc(NULL, buff, char, alloc));
        }
 
        talloc_free(buff);
 
        return -1;
}
 
/** (Re-)Initialises the data in a rlm_rest_request_t.
 *
 * Resets the values of a rlm_rest_request_t to their defaults.
 *
 * @param[in] section   configuration data.
 * @param[in] request   Current request.
 * @param[in] ctx       to initialise.
 */
static void rest_request_init(rlm_rest_section_t const *section,
                              request_t *request, rlm_rest_request_t *ctx)
{
        /*
         *      Setup stream read data
         */
        ctx->section = section;
        ctx->request = request;
        ctx->state = READ_STATE_INIT;
}
 
/** Converts plain response into a single fr_pair_t
 *
 * @param[in] inst      configuration data.
 * @param[in] section   configuration data.
 * @param[in] randle    fr_curl_io_request_t to use.
 * @param[in] request   Current request.
 * @param[in] raw       buffer containing POST data.
 * @param[in] rawlen    Length of data in raw buffer.
 * @return
 *      - Number of fr_pair_t processed.
 *      - -1 on unrecoverable error.
 */
static int rest_decode_plain(UNUSED rlm_rest_t const *inst, UNUSED rlm_rest_section_t const *section,
                             request_t *request, UNUSED fr_curl_io_request_t *randle, char *raw, size_t rawlen)
{
        fr_pair_t               *vp;
 
        /*
         *  Empty response?
         */
        if (*raw == '\0') return 0;
 
        /*
         *  Use rawlen to protect against overrun, and to cope with any binary data
         */
        MEM(pair_update_request(&vp, attr_rest_http_body) >= 0);
        fr_pair_value_bstrndup(vp, raw, rawlen, true);
 
        RDEBUG2("%pP", vp);
 
        return 1;
}
 
/** Converts POST response into fr_pair_ts and adds them to the request
 *
 * Accepts fr_pair_tS in the same format as rest_encode_post, but with the
 * addition of optional attribute list qualifiers as part of the attribute name
 * string.
 *
 * If no qualifiers are specified, will default to the request list.
 *
 * POST response format is:
 * @verbatim [outer.][<list>.]<attribute0>=<value0>&[outer.][<list>.]<attribute1>=<value1>&[outer.][<list>.]<attributeN>=<valueN> @endverbatim
 *
 * @see rest_encode_post
 *
 * @param[in] instance  configuration data.
 * @param[in] section   configuration data.
 * @param[in] randle    fr_curl_io_request_t to use.
 * @param[in] request   Current request.
 * @param[in] raw       buffer containing POST data.
 * @param[in] rawlen    Length of data in raw buffer.
 * @return
 *      - Number of fr_pair_ts processed.
 *      - -1 on unrecoverable error.
 */
static int rest_decode_post(UNUSED rlm_rest_t const *instance, UNUSED rlm_rest_section_t const *section,
                            request_t *request, fr_curl_io_request_t *randle, char *raw, size_t rawlen)
{
        CURL                    *candle = randle->candle;
 
        char const              *p = raw, *q;
 
        int                     count = 0;
        int                     ret;
 
        /*
         *      Empty response?
         */
        fr_skip_whitespace(p);
        if (*p == '\0') return 0;
 
        while (((q = strchr(p, '=')) != NULL) && (count < REST_BODY_MAX_ATTRS)) {
                tmpl_t          *dst;
                request_t                       *current;
                fr_pair_list_t          *vps;
                TALLOC_CTX              *ctx;
                fr_dict_attr_t const    *da;
                fr_pair_t               *vp;
 
                char                    *name  = NULL;
                char                    *value = NULL;
 
                char                    *expanded = NULL;
 
                size_t                  len;
                int                     curl_len; /* Length from last curl_easy_unescape call */
 
                current = request;
 
                name = curl_easy_unescape(candle, p, (q - p), &curl_len);
                p = (q + 1);
 
                /*
                 *  Resolve attribute name to a dictionary entry and pairlist.
                 */
                RDEBUG2("Parsing attribute \"%pV\"", fr_box_strvalue_len(name, curl_len));
 
                if (tmpl_afrom_attr_str(request, NULL, &dst, name,
                                        &(tmpl_rules_t){
                                                .attr = {
                                                        .dict_def = request->proto_dict,
                                                        .list_def = request_attr_reply
                                                }
                                        }) <= 0) {
                        RPWDEBUG("Failed parsing attribute (skipping)");
                        talloc_free(dst);
                        goto skip;
                }
 
                if (tmpl_request_ptr(&current, tmpl_request(dst)) < 0) {
                        RWDEBUG("Attribute name refers to outer request but not in a tunnel (skipping)");
                        talloc_free(dst);
                        goto skip;
                }
 
                vps = tmpl_list_head(current, tmpl_list(dst));
                if (!vps) {
                        RWDEBUG("List not valid in this context (skipping)");
                        talloc_free(dst);
                        goto skip;
                }
                ctx = tmpl_list_ctx(current, tmpl_list(dst));
                da = tmpl_attr_tail_da(dst);
 
                fr_assert(vps);
 
                RINDENT();
                RDEBUG3("Type  : %s", fr_type_to_str(da->type));
 
                q = strchr(p, '&');
                len = (!q) ? (rawlen - (p - raw)) : (unsigned)(q - p);
 
                value = curl_easy_unescape(candle, p, len, &curl_len);
 
                /*
                 *  If we found a delimiter we want to skip over it,
                 *  if we didn't we do *NOT* want to skip over the end
                 *  of the buffer...
                 */
                p += (!q) ? len : (len + 1);
 
                RDEBUG3("Length : %i", curl_len);
                RDEBUG3("Value  : \"%s\"", value);
                REXDENT();
 
                talloc_free(dst);       /* Free our temporary tmpl */
 
                RDEBUG2("Performing xlat expansion of response value");
 
                if (xlat_aeval(request, &expanded, request, value, NULL, NULL) < 0) goto skip;
 
                fr_assert(expanded);
 
                MEM(vp = fr_pair_afrom_da(ctx, da));
                if (!vp) {
                        REDEBUG("Failed creating valuepair");
                        talloc_free(expanded);
 
                        curl_free(name);
                        curl_free(value);
 
                        return count;
                }
 
                ret = fr_pair_value_from_str(vp, expanded, strlen(value), NULL, true);
                TALLOC_FREE(expanded);
                if (ret < 0) {
                        RWDEBUG("Incompatible value assignment, skipping");
                        talloc_free(vp);
                        goto skip;
                }
 
                fr_pair_append(vps, vp);
 
                count++;
 
        skip:
                curl_free(name);
                curl_free(value);
 
                continue;
        }
 
        if (!count) REDEBUG("Malformed POST data \"%s\"", raw);
 
        return count;
 
}
 
#ifdef HAVE_JSON
/** Converts JSON "value" key into fr_pair_t.
 *
 * If leaf is not in fact a leaf node, but contains JSON data, the data will
 * written to the attribute in JSON string format.
 *
 * @param[in] instance  configuration data.
 * @param[in] section   configuration data.
 * @param[in] ctx       to allocate new fr_pair_ts in.
 * @param[in] request   Current request.
 * @param[in] da        Attribute to create.
 * @param[in] flags     containing the operator other flags controlling value
 *                      expansion.
 * @param[in] leaf      object containing the fr_pair_t value.
 * @return
 *      - #fr_pair_t just created.
 *      - NULL on error.
 */
static fr_pair_t *json_pair_alloc_leaf(UNUSED rlm_rest_t const *instance, UNUSED rlm_rest_section_t const *section,
                                        TALLOC_CTX *ctx, request_t *request,
                                        fr_dict_attr_t const *da, json_flags_t *flags, json_object *leaf)
{
        char const              *value;
        char                    *expanded = NULL;
        int                     ret;
 
        fr_pair_t               *vp;
 
        fr_value_box_t          src = FR_VALUE_BOX_INITIALISER_NULL(src);
 
        if (json_object_is_type(leaf, json_type_null)) {
                RDEBUG3("Got null value for attribute \"%s\" (skipping)", da->name);
                return NULL;
        }
 
        MEM(vp = fr_pair_afrom_da(ctx, da));
        if (!vp) {
                RWDEBUG("Failed creating valuepair for attribute \"%s\" (skipping)", da->name);
                return NULL;
        }
 
        fr_value_box_init_null(&src);
 
        switch (json_object_get_type(leaf)) {
        case json_type_int:
                if (flags->do_xlat) RWDEBUG("Ignoring do_xlat on 'int', attribute \"%s\"", da->name);
                fr_value_box(&src, (int32_t)json_object_get_int(leaf), true);
                break;
 
        case json_type_double:
                if (flags->do_xlat) RWDEBUG("Ignoring do_xlat on 'double', attribute \"%s\"", da->name);
                fr_value_box(&src, (double)json_object_get_double(leaf), true);
                break;
 
        case json_type_string:
                value = json_object_get_string(leaf);
                if (flags->do_xlat && memchr(value, '%', json_object_get_string_len(leaf))) {
                        if (xlat_aeval(request, &expanded, request, value, NULL, NULL) < 0) {
                                talloc_free(vp);
                                return NULL;
                        }
                        fr_value_box_bstrndup_shallow(&src, NULL, expanded,
                                                      talloc_array_length(expanded) - 1, true);
                } else {
                        fr_value_box_bstrndup_shallow(&src, NULL, value,
                                                      json_object_get_string_len(leaf), true);
                }
                break;
 
        default:
        {
                char const *str;
                if (flags->do_xlat) RWDEBUG("Ignoring do_xlat on 'object', attribute \"%s\"", da->name);
 
                /*
                 *      Should encode any nested JSON structures into JSON strings.
                 *
                 *      "I knew you liked JSON so I put JSON in your JSON!"
                 */
                str = json_object_get_string(leaf);
                if (!str) {
                        RWDEBUG("Failed getting string value for attribute \"%s\" (skipping)", da->name);
                        talloc_free(vp);
                        return NULL;
                }
                fr_value_box_strdup_shallow(&src, NULL, str, true);
        }
        }
 
        ret = fr_value_box_cast(vp, &vp->data, da->type, da, &src);
        talloc_free(expanded);
        if (ret < 0) {
                RWDEBUG("Failed parsing value for attribute \"%s\" (skipping)", da->name);
                talloc_free(vp);
                return NULL;
        }
 
        vp->op = flags->op;
 
        return vp;
}
 
/** Processes JSON response and converts it into multiple fr_pair_ts
 *
 * Processes JSON attribute declarations in the format below. Will recurse when
 * processing nested attributes. When processing nested attributes flags and
 * operators from previous attributes are not inherited.
 *
 * JSON response format is:
@verbatim
{
        "<attribute0>":{
                "do_xlat":<bool>,
                "is_json":<bool>,
                "op":"<operator>",
                "value":[<value0>,<value1>,<valueN>]
        },
        "<attribute1>":{
                "value":{
                        "<nested-attribute0>":{
                                "op":"<operator>",
                                "value":<value0>
                        }
                }
        },
        "<attribute2>":"<value0>",
        "<attributeN>":[<value0>,<value1>,<valueN>]
}
@endverbatim
 *
 * JSON valuepair flags:
 *  - do_xlat   (optional) Controls xlat expansion of values. Defaults to true.
 *  - is_json   (optional) If true, any nested JSON data will be copied to the
 *                         fr_pair_t in string form. Defaults to true.
 *  - op        (optional) Controls how the attribute is inserted into
 *                         the target list. Defaults to ':=' (T_OP_SET).
 *
 * If "op" is ':=' or '=', it will be automagically changed to '+=' for the
 * second and subsequent values in multivalued attributes. This does not work
 * between multiple attribute declarations.
 *
 * @see fr_tokens_table
 *
 * @param[in] instance  configuration data.
 * @param[in] section   configuration data.
 * @param[in] request   Current request.
 * @param[in] object    containing root node, or parent node.
 * @param[in] level     Current nesting level.
 * @param[in] max       counter, decremented after each fr_pair_t is created,
 *                      when 0 no more attributes will be processed.
 * @return
 *      - Number of attributes created.
 *      - < 0 on error.
 */
static int json_pair_alloc(rlm_rest_t const *instance, rlm_rest_section_t const *section,
                           request_t *request, json_object *object, UNUSED int level, int max)
{
        int max_attrs = max;
        tmpl_t *dst = NULL;
 
        if (!json_object_is_type(object, json_type_object)) {
#ifdef HAVE_JSON_TYPE_TO_NAME
                REDEBUG("Can't process VP container, expected JSON object"
                        "got \"%s\" (skipping)",
                        json_type_to_name(json_object_get_type(object)));
#else
                REDEBUG("Can't process VP container, expected JSON object"
                        " (skipping)");
#endif
                return -1;
        }
 
        /*
         *      Process VP container
         */
        {
                json_object_object_foreach(object, name, value) {
                        int             i = 0, elements;
                        struct          json_object *element, *tmp;
                        TALLOC_CTX      *ctx;
 
                        json_flags_t flags = {
                                .op = T_OP_SET,
                                .do_xlat = 1,
                                .is_json = 0
                        };
 
                        request_t               *current = request;
                        fr_pair_list_t          *vps;
                        fr_pair_t               *vp = NULL;
 
                        TALLOC_FREE(dst);
 
                        /*
                         *  Resolve attribute name to a dictionary entry and pairlist.
                         */
                        RDEBUG2("Parsing attribute \"%s\"", name);
 
                        if (tmpl_afrom_attr_str(request, NULL, &dst, name,
                                                &(tmpl_rules_t){
                                                        .attr = {
                                                                .dict_def = request->proto_dict,
                                                                .list_def = request_attr_reply
                                                        }
                                                }) <= 0) {
                                RPWDEBUG("Failed parsing attribute (skipping)");
                                continue;
                        }
 
                        if (tmpl_request_ptr(&current, tmpl_request(dst)) < 0) {
                                RWDEBUG("Attribute name refers to outer request but not in a tunnel (skipping)");
                                continue;
                        }
 
                        vps = tmpl_list_head(current, tmpl_list(dst));
                        if (!vps) {
                                RWDEBUG("List not valid in this context (skipping)");
                                continue;
                        }
                        ctx = tmpl_list_ctx(current, tmpl_list(dst));
 
                        /*
                         *  Alternative JSON structure which allows operator,
                         *  and other flags to be specified.
                         *
                         *      "<name>":{
                         *              "do_xlat":<bool>,
                         *              "is_json":<bool>,
                         *              "op":"<op>",
                         *              "value":<value>
                         *      }
                         *
                         *      Where value is a:
                         *        - []  Multivalued array
                         *        - {}  Nested Valuepair
                         *        - *   Integer or string value
                         */
                        if (json_object_is_type(value, json_type_object)) {
                                /*
                                 *  Process operator if present.
                                 */
                                if (json_object_object_get_ex(value, "op", &tmp)) {
                                        flags.op = fr_table_value_by_str(fr_tokens_table, json_object_get_string(tmp), 0);
                                        if (!flags.op) {
                                                RWDEBUG("Invalid operator value \"%s\" (skipping)",
                                                        json_object_get_string(tmp));
                                                continue;
                                        }
                                }
 
                                /*
                                 *  Process optional do_xlat bool.
                                 */
                                if (json_object_object_get_ex(value, "do_xlat", &tmp)) {
                                        flags.do_xlat = json_object_get_boolean(tmp);
                                }
 
                                /*
                                 *  Process optional is_json bool.
                                 */
                                if (json_object_object_get_ex(value, "is_json", &tmp)) {
                                        flags.is_json = json_object_get_boolean(tmp);
                                }
 
                                /*
                                 *  Value key must be present if were using the expanded syntax.
                                 */
                                if (!json_object_object_get_ex(value, "value", &tmp)) {
                                        RWDEBUG("Value key missing (skipping)");
                                        continue;
                                }
 
                                /*
                                 *  The value field now becomes the key we're operating on
                                 */
                                value = tmp;
                        }
 
                        /*
                         *  Setup fr_pair_afrom_da / recursion loop.
                         */
                        if (!flags.is_json && json_object_is_type(value, json_type_array)) {
                                elements = json_object_array_length(value);
                                if (!elements) {
                                        RWDEBUG("Zero length value array (skipping)");
                                        continue;
                                }
                                element = json_object_array_get_idx(value, 0);
                        } else {
                                elements = 1;
                                element = value;
                        }
 
                        /*
                         *  A JSON 'value' key, may have multiple elements, iterate
                         *  over each of them, creating a new fr_pair_t.
                         */
                        do {
                                fr_pair_list_t tmp_list;
 
                                if (max_attrs-- <= 0) {
                                        RWDEBUG("At maximum attribute limit");
                                        talloc_free(dst);
                                        return max;
                                }
 
                                /*
                                 *  Automagically switch the op for multivalued attributes.
                                 */
                                if (((flags.op == T_OP_SET) || (flags.op == T_OP_EQ)) && (i >= 1)) {
                                        flags.op = T_OP_ADD_EQ;
                                }
 
                                if (json_object_is_type(element, json_type_object) && !flags.is_json) {
                                        /* TODO: Insert nested VP into VP structure...*/
                                        RWDEBUG("Found nested VP, these are not yet supported (skipping)");
 
                                        continue;
 
                                        /*
                                        vp = json_pair_alloc(instance, section,
                                                        request, value,
                                                        level + 1, max_attrs);*/
                                } else {
                                        vp = json_pair_alloc_leaf(instance, section, ctx, request,
                                                                  tmpl_attr_tail_da(dst), &flags, element);
                                        if (!vp) continue;
                                }
                                RINDENT();
                                RDEBUG2("%s:%pP", tmpl_list_name(tmpl_list(dst), ""), vp);
                                REXDENT();
 
                                fr_pair_list_init(&tmp_list);
                                fr_pair_append(&tmp_list, vp);
                                radius_pairmove(current, vps, &tmp_list);
                        /*
                         *  If we call json_object_array_get_idx on something that's not an array
                         *  the behaviour appears to be to occasionally segfault.
                         */
                        } while ((++i < elements) && (element = json_object_array_get_idx(value, i)));
                }
        }
 
        talloc_free(dst);
 
        return max - max_attrs;
}
 
/** Converts JSON response into fr_pair_ts and adds them to the request.
 *
 * Converts the raw JSON string into a json-c object tree and passes it to
 * json_pair_alloc. After the tree has been parsed json_object_put is called
 * which decrements the reference count of the root node by one, and frees
 * the entire tree.
 *
 * @see rest_encode_json
 * @see json_pair_alloc
 *
 * @param[in] instance  configuration data.
 * @param[in] section   configuration data.
 * @param[in,out] request Current request.
 * @param[in] randle    REST handle.
 * @param[in] raw       buffer containing JSON data.
 * @param[in] rawlen    Length of data in raw buffer.
 * @return
 *      - The number of #fr_pair_t processed.
 *      - -1 on unrecoverable error.
 */
static int rest_decode_json(rlm_rest_t const *instance, rlm_rest_section_t const *section,
                            request_t *request, UNUSED fr_curl_io_request_t *randle, char *raw, UNUSED size_t rawlen)
{
        char const *p = raw;
 
        struct json_object *json;
 
        int ret;
 
        /*
         *  Empty response?
         */
        fr_skip_whitespace(p);
        if (*p == '\0') return 0;
 
        json = json_tokener_parse(p);
        if (!json) {
                REDEBUG("Malformed JSON data \"%s\"", raw);
                return -1;
        }
 
        ret = json_pair_alloc(instance, section, request, json, 0, REST_BODY_MAX_ATTRS);
 
        /*
         *  Decrement reference count for root object, should free entire JSON tree.
         */
        json_object_put(json);
 
        return ret;
}
#endif
 
/** Processes incoming HTTP header data from libcurl.
 *
 * Processes the status line, and Content-Type headers from the incoming HTTP
 * response.
 *
 * Matches prototype for CURLOPT_HEADERFUNCTION, and will be called directly
 * by libcurl.
 *
 * @param[in] in        Char buffer where inbound header data is written.
 * @param[in] size      Multiply by nmemb to get the length of ptr.
 * @param[in] nmemb     Multiply by size to get the length of ptr.
 * @param[in] userdata  rlm_rest_response_t to keep parsing state between calls.
 * @return
 *      - Length of data processed.
 *      - 0 on error.
 */
static size_t rest_response_header(void *in, size_t size, size_t nmemb, void *userdata)
{
        rlm_rest_response_t     *ctx = userdata;
        request_t               *request = ctx->request; /* Used by RDEBUG */
 
        char const              *start = (char *)in, *p = start, *end = p + (size * nmemb);
        char                    *q;
        size_t                  len;
 
        http_body_type_t        type;
 
#ifndef NDEBUG
        if (ctx->instance->fail_header_decode) {
                REDEBUG("Forcing header decode failure");
                return 0;
        }
#endif
 
        /*
         *  This seems to be curl's indication there are no more header lines.
         */
        if (((end - p) == 2) && ((p[0] == '\r') && (p[1] == '\n'))) {
                /*
                 *  If we got a 100 Continue, we need to send additional payload data.
                 *  reset the state to WRITE_STATE_INIT, so that when were called again
                 *  we overwrite previous header data with that from the proper header.
                 */
                if (ctx->code == 100) {
                        RDEBUG2("Continuing...");
                        ctx->state = WRITE_STATE_INIT;
                }
 
                return (end - start);
        }
 
        switch (ctx->state) {
        case WRITE_STATE_INIT:
                RDEBUG2("Processing response header");
 
                /*
                 *  HTTP/<version> <reason_code>[ <reason_phrase>]\r\n
                 *
                 *  "HTTP/1.1 " (9) + "100" (3) + "\r\n" (2) = 14
                 *  "HTTP/2 " (7) + "100" (3) + "\r\n" (2) = 12
                 */
                if ((end - p) < 12) {
                        REDEBUG("Malformed HTTP header: Status line too short");
                malformed:
                        REDEBUG("Received %zu bytes of invalid header data: %pV",
                                (end - start), fr_box_strvalue_len(in, (end - start)));
                        ctx->code = 0;
 
                        /*
                         *      Indicate we parsed the entire line, otherwise
                         *      bad things seem to happen internally with
                         *      libcurl when we try and use it with asynchronous
                         *      I/O handlers.
                         */
                        return (end - start);
                }
                /*
                 *  Check start of header matches...
                 */
                if (strncasecmp("HTTP/", p, 5) != 0) {
                        REDEBUG("Malformed HTTP header: Missing HTTP version");
                        goto malformed;
                }
                p += 5;
 
                /*
                 *  Skip the version field, next space should mark start of reason_code.
                 */
                q = memchr(p, ' ', (end - p));
                if (!q) {
                        REDEBUG("Malformed HTTP header: Missing reason code");
                        goto malformed;
                }
 
                p = q;
 
                /*
                 *  Process reason_code.
                 *
                 *  " 100" (4) + "\r\n" (2) = 6
                 */
                if ((end - p) < 6) {
                        REDEBUG("Malformed HTTP header: Reason code too short");
                        goto malformed;
                }
                p++;
 
                /*
                 *  "xxx( |\r)" status code and terminator.
                 */
                if (!isdigit(p[0]) || !isdigit(p[1]) || !isdigit(p[2]) || !((p[3] == ' ') || (p[3] == '\r'))) {
                        REDEBUG("Malformed HTTP header: Reason code malformed. "
                                "Expected three digits then space or end of header, got \"%pV\"",
                                fr_box_strvalue_len(p, 4));
                        goto malformed;
                }
 
                /*
                 *  Convert status code into an integer value
                 */
                q = NULL;
                ctx->code = (int)strtoul(p, &q, 10);
                fr_assert(q == (p + 3));        /* We check this above */
                p = q;
 
                /*
                 *  Process reason_phrase (if present).
                 */
                RINDENT();
                if (*p == ' ') {
                        p++;
                        q = memchr(p, '\r', (end - p));
                        if (!q) goto malformed;
                        RDEBUG2("Status : %i (%pV)", ctx->code, fr_box_strvalue_len(p, q - p));
                } else {
                        RDEBUG2("Status : %i", ctx->code);
                }
                REXDENT();
 
                ctx->state = WRITE_STATE_PARSE_HEADERS;
 
                break;
 
        case WRITE_STATE_PARSE_HEADERS:
                if (((end - p) >= 14) &&
                    (strncasecmp("Content-Type: ", p, 14) == 0)) {
                        p += 14;
 
                        /*
                         *  Check to see if there's a parameter separator.
                         */
                        q = memchr(p, ';', (end - p));
 
                        /*
                         *  If there's not, find the end of this header.
                         */
                        if (!q) q = memchr(p, '\r', (end - p));
 
                        len = (size_t)(!q ? (end - p) : (q - p));
                        type = fr_table_value_by_substr(http_content_type_table, p, len, REST_HTTP_BODY_UNKNOWN);
 
                        RINDENT();
                        RDEBUG2("Type   : %s (%pV)", fr_table_str_by_value(http_body_type_table, type, "<INVALID>"),
                                fr_box_strvalue_len(p, len));
                        REXDENT();
 
                        /*
                         *  Assume the force_to value has already been validated.
                         */
                        if (ctx->force_to != REST_HTTP_BODY_UNKNOWN) {
                                if (ctx->force_to != ctx->type) {
                                        RDEBUG3("Forcing body type to \"%s\"",
                                                fr_table_str_by_value(http_body_type_table, ctx->force_to, "<INVALID>"));
                                        ctx->type = ctx->force_to;
                                }
                        /*
                         *  Figure out if the type is supported by one of the decoders.
                         */
                        } else {
                                ctx->type = http_body_type_supported[type];
                                switch (ctx->type) {
                                case REST_HTTP_BODY_UNKNOWN:
                                        RWDEBUG("Couldn't determine type, using the request's type \"%s\".",
                                                fr_table_str_by_value(http_body_type_table, type, "<INVALID>"));
                                        break;
 
                                case REST_HTTP_BODY_UNSUPPORTED:
                                        REDEBUG("Type \"%s\" is currently unsupported",
                                                fr_table_str_by_value(http_body_type_table, type, "<INVALID>"));
                                        break;
 
                                case REST_HTTP_BODY_UNAVAILABLE:
                                        REDEBUG("Type \"%s\" is unavailable, please rebuild this module with the required "
                                                "library", fr_table_str_by_value(http_body_type_table, type, "<INVALID>"));
                                        break;
 
                                case REST_HTTP_BODY_INVALID:
                                        REDEBUG("Type \"%s\" is not a valid web API data markup format",
                                                fr_table_str_by_value(http_body_type_table, type, "<INVALID>"));
                                        break;
 
                                /* supported type */
                                default:
                                        break;
                                }
                        }
                }
                break;
 
        default:
                break;
        }
 
        return (end - start);
}
 
/** Processes incoming HTTP body data from libcurl.
 *
 * Writes incoming body data to an intermediary buffer for later parsing by
 * one of the decode functions.
 *
 * @param[in] in        Char buffer where inbound header data is written
 * @param[in] size      Multiply by nmemb to get the length of ptr.
 * @param[in] nmemb     Multiply by size to get the length of ptr.
 * @param[in] userdata  rlm_rest_response_t to keep parsing state between calls.
 * @return
 *      - Length of data processed.
 *      - 0 on error.
 */
static size_t rest_response_body(void *in, size_t size, size_t nmemb, void *userdata)
{
        rlm_rest_response_t     *ctx = userdata;
        request_t                       *request = ctx->request; /* Used by RDEBUG */
 
        char const              *start = in, *p = start, *end = p + (size * nmemb);
        char                    *q;
 
        size_t                  needed;
 
        if (start == end) return 0;     /* Nothing to process */
 
#ifndef NDEBUG
        if (ctx->instance->fail_body_decode) {
                REDEBUG("Forcing body read failure");
                return 0;
        }
#endif
 
        /*
         *  Any post processing of headers should go here...
         */
        if (ctx->state == WRITE_STATE_PARSE_HEADERS) ctx->state = WRITE_STATE_PARSE_CONTENT;
 
        switch (ctx->type) {
        case REST_HTTP_BODY_UNSUPPORTED:
        case REST_HTTP_BODY_UNAVAILABLE:
        case REST_HTTP_BODY_INVALID:
                while ((q = memchr(p, '\n', (end - p)))) {
                        REDEBUG("%pV", fr_box_strvalue_len(p, q - p));
                        p = q + 1;
                }
 
                if (p != end) REDEBUG("%pV", fr_box_strvalue_len(p, end - p));
                break;
 
        case REST_HTTP_BODY_NONE:
                while ((q = memchr(p, '\n', (end - p)))) {
                        RDEBUG3("%pV", fr_box_strvalue_len(p, q - p));
                        p = q + 1;
                }
 
                if (p != end) RDEBUG3("%pV", fr_box_strvalue_len(p, end - p));
                break;
 
        default:
        {
                char *out_p;
 
                if ((ctx->section->response.max_body_in > 0) && ((ctx->used + (end - p)) > ctx->section->response.max_body_in)) {
                        REDEBUG("Incoming data (%zu bytes) exceeds max_body_in (%zu bytes).  "
                                "Forcing body to type 'invalid'", ctx->used + (end - p), ctx->section->response.max_body_in);
                        ctx->type = REST_HTTP_BODY_INVALID;
                        TALLOC_FREE(ctx->buffer);
                        break;
                }
 
                needed = ROUND_UP(ctx->used + (end - p), REST_BODY_ALLOC_CHUNK);
                if (needed > ctx->alloc) {
                        MEM(ctx->buffer = talloc_bstr_realloc(NULL, ctx->buffer, needed));
                        ctx->alloc = needed;
                }
 
                out_p = ctx->buffer + ctx->used;
                memcpy(out_p, p, (end - p));
                out_p += (end - p);
                *out_p = '\0';
                ctx->used += (end - p);
        }
                break;
        }
 
        return (end - start);
}
 
/** Print out the response text as error lines
 *
 * @param request       The Current request.
 * @param handle        fr_curl_io_request_t used to execute the previous request.
 */
void rest_response_error(request_t *request, fr_curl_io_request_t *handle)
{
        char const      *p, *end;
        char            *q;
        size_t len;
 
        len = rest_get_handle_data(&p, handle);
        if (len == 0) return;
 
        end = p + len;
 
        RERROR("Server returned:");
        while ((q = memchr(p, '\n', (end - p)))) {
                RERROR("%pV", fr_box_strvalue_len(p, q - p));
                p = q + 1;
        }
 
        if (p != end) RERROR("%pV", fr_box_strvalue_len(p, end - p));
}
 
/** Print out the response text
 *
 * @param request       The Current request.
 * @param handle        fr_curl_io_request_t used to execute the previous request.
 */
void rest_response_debug(request_t *request, fr_curl_io_request_t *handle)
{
        char const      *p, *end;
        char            *q;
        size_t len;
 
        len = rest_get_handle_data(&p, handle);
        if (len == 0) return;
 
        end = p + len;
 
        RDEBUG3("Server returned:");
        while ((q = memchr(p, '\n', (end - p)))) {
                RDEBUG3("%pV", fr_box_strvalue_len(p, q - p));
                p = q + 1;
        }
 
        if (p != end) RDEBUG3("%pV", fr_box_strvalue_len(p, end - p));
}
 
/** (Re-)Initialises the data in a rlm_rest_response_t.
 *
 * This resets the values of the a rlm_rest_response_t to their defaults.
 * Must be called between encoding sessions.
 *
 * @see rest_response_body
 * @see rest_response_header
 *
 * @param[in] section   that created the request.
 * @param[in] request   Current request.
 * @param[in] ctx       data to initialise.
 * @param[in] type      Default http_body_type to use when decoding raw data, may be
 *                      overwritten by rest_response_header.
 * @param[in] header    Where to write out headers, may be NULL.
 */
static void rest_response_init(rlm_rest_section_t const *section,
                               request_t *request, rlm_rest_response_t *ctx, http_body_type_t type, tmpl_t *header)
{
        ctx->section = section;
        ctx->request = request;
        ctx->type = type;
        ctx->state = WRITE_STATE_INIT;
        ctx->alloc = 0;
        ctx->used = 0;
        ctx->code = 0;
        ctx->header = header;
        TALLOC_FREE(ctx->buffer);
}
 
/** Extracts pointer to buffer containing response data
 *
 * @param[out] out      Where to write the pointer to the buffer.
 * @param[in] randle    used for the last request.
 * @return
 *      - 0 if no data i available.
 *      - > 0 if data is available.
 */
size_t rest_get_handle_data(char const **out, fr_curl_io_request_t *randle)
{
        rlm_rest_curl_context_t *ctx = talloc_get_type_abort(randle->uctx, rlm_rest_curl_context_t);
 
        if (!ctx->response.buffer) return 0;
 
        *out = ctx->response.buffer;
        return ctx->response.used;
}
 
/** Configures body specific curlopts.
 *
 * Configures libcurl handle to use either chunked mode, where the request
 * data will be sent using multiple HTTP requests, or contiguous mode where
 * the request data will be sent in a single HTTP request.
 *
 * @param[in] mctx      Call data.
 * @param[in] section   configuration data.
 * @param[in] request   Current request.
 * @param[in] randle    fr_curl_io_request_t to configure.
 * @param[in] func      to pass to libcurl for chunked.
 *                      transfers (NULL if not using chunked mode).
 * @return
 *      - 0 on success.
 *      - -1 on failure.
 */
static int rest_request_config_body(module_ctx_t const *mctx, rlm_rest_section_t const *section,
                                    request_t *request, fr_curl_io_request_t *randle, rest_read_t func)
{
        rlm_rest_t const *inst = talloc_get_type_abort(mctx->mi->data, rlm_rest_t);
        rlm_rest_curl_context_t *uctx = talloc_get_type_abort(randle->uctx, rlm_rest_curl_context_t);
        ssize_t len;
 
        /*
         *  We were provided with no read function, assume this means
         *  no body should be sent.
         */
        if (!func) {
                FR_CURL_REQUEST_SET_OPTION(CURLOPT_POSTFIELDSIZE, 0);
                return 0;
        }
 
        /*
         *  Chunked transfer encoding means the body will be sent in
         *  multiple parts.
         */
        if (section->request.chunk > 0) {
                FR_CURL_REQUEST_SET_OPTION(CURLOPT_READDATA, &uctx->request);
                FR_CURL_REQUEST_SET_OPTION(CURLOPT_READFUNCTION, func);
 
                return 0;
        }
 
        /*
         *  If were not doing chunked encoding then we read the entire
         *  body into a buffer, and send it in one go.
         */
        len = rest_request_encode_wrapper(&uctx->body, inst, func, REST_BODY_MAX_LEN, &uctx->request);
        if (len <= 0) {
                REDEBUG("Failed creating HTTP body content");
                return -1;
        }
        RDEBUG2("Content-Length will be %zu bytes", len);
 
        fr_assert((len == 0) || (talloc_array_length(uctx->body) >= (size_t)len));
        FR_CURL_REQUEST_SET_OPTION(CURLOPT_POSTFIELDS, uctx->body);
        FR_CURL_REQUEST_SET_OPTION(CURLOPT_POSTFIELDSIZE, len);
 
        return 0;
 
error:
        return -1;
}
 
/** Adds an additional header to a handle to use in the next reques
 *
 * @param[in] request   Current request.
 * @param[in] randle    used for the next request.
 * @param[in] header    to add.
 * @param[in] validate  whether to perform basic checks on the header
 * @return
 *      - 0 on success.
 *      - -1 on failure.
 */
int rest_request_config_add_header(request_t *request, fr_curl_io_request_t *randle, char const *header, bool validate)
{
        rlm_rest_curl_context_t *ctx = talloc_get_type_abort(randle->uctx, rlm_rest_curl_context_t);
        struct curl_slist       *headers;
 
        if (validate && !strchr(header, ':')) {
                RWDEBUG("Invalid HTTP header \"%s\" must be in format '<attribute>: <value>'.  Skipping...",
                        header);
                return -1;
        }
 
        RINDENT();
        RDEBUG3("%s", header);
        REXDENT();
 
        headers = curl_slist_append(ctx->headers, header);
        if (unlikely(!headers)) {
                REDEBUG("Failed to add header \"%s\"", header);
                return -1;
        }
        ctx->headers = headers;
 
        return 0;
}
 
/** See if the list of headers already contains a header
 *
 * @note Only compares the header name, not the value.
 *
 * @param[in] randle    to check headers for.
 * @param[in] header    to find.
 * @return
 *      - true if yes
 *      - false if no
 */
static bool rest_request_contains_header(fr_curl_io_request_t *randle, char const *header)
{
        rlm_rest_curl_context_t *ctx = talloc_get_type_abort(randle->uctx, rlm_rest_curl_context_t);
        struct curl_slist       *headers = ctx->headers;
        char const              *sep;
        size_t                  cmp_len;
 
        sep = strchr(header, ':');
        cmp_len = sep ? (size_t)(sep - header) : strlen(header);
 
        while (headers) {
                if (strncasecmp(headers->data, header, cmp_len) == 0) return true;
                headers = headers->next;
        }
 
        return false;
}
 
/** Configures request curlopts.
 *
 * Configures libcurl handle setting various curlopts for things like local
 * client time, Content-Type, and other FreeRADIUS custom headers.
 *
 * Current FreeRADIUS custom headers are:
 *  - X-FreeRADIUS-Section      The module section being processed.
 *  - X-FreeRADIUS-Server       The current virtual server the request_t is
 *                              passing through.
 *
 * Sets up callbacks for all response processing (buffers and body data).
 *
 * @param[in] mctx      call data.
 * @param[in] section   configuration data.
 * @param[in] randle    to configure.
 * @param[in] request   Current request.
 * @param[in] method    to use (HTTP verbs PUT, POST, DELETE etc...).
 * @param[in] type      Content-Type for request encoding, also sets
 *                      the default for decoding.
 * @param[in] uri       buffer containing the expanded URI to send the request to.
 * @param[in] body_data (optional) custom body data. Must persist whilst we're
 *                      writing data out to the socket.  Must be a talloced buffer
 *                      which is \0 terminated.
 * @return
 *      - 0 on success (all opts configured).
 *      - -1 on failure.
 */
int rest_request_config(module_ctx_t const *mctx, rlm_rest_section_t const *section,
                        request_t *request, fr_curl_io_request_t *randle, http_method_t method,
                        http_body_type_t type,
                        char const *uri, char const *body_data)
{
        rlm_rest_t const        *inst = talloc_get_type_abort(mctx->mi->data, rlm_rest_t);
        rlm_rest_call_env_t     *call_env = talloc_get_type_abort(mctx->env_data, rlm_rest_call_env_t);
        rlm_rest_curl_context_t *ctx = talloc_get_type_abort(randle->uctx, rlm_rest_curl_context_t);
        CURL                    *candle = randle->candle;
        fr_time_delta_t         timeout;
 
        http_auth_type_t        auth = section->request.auth;
 
        CURLcode                ret = CURLE_OK;
        char const              *option;
 
        char                    buffer[512];
 
        fr_assert(candle);
 
        buffer[(sizeof(buffer) - 1)] = '\0';
 
        /*
         *      Control which HTTP version we're going to use
         */
        if (inst->http_negotiation != CURL_HTTP_VERSION_NONE) FR_CURL_REQUEST_SET_OPTION(CURLOPT_HTTP_VERSION, inst->http_negotiation);
 
        /*
         *      Setup any header options and generic headers.
         */
        FR_CURL_REQUEST_SET_OPTION(CURLOPT_URL, uri);
#if CURL_AT_LEAST_VERSION(7,85,0)
        FR_CURL_REQUEST_SET_OPTION(CURLOPT_PROTOCOLS_STR, "http,https");
#else
        FR_CURL_REQUEST_SET_OPTION(CURLOPT_PROTOCOLS, CURLPROTO_HTTP | CURLPROTO_HTTPS);
#endif
        if (section->request.proxy) {
                if (section->request.proxy == rest_no_proxy) {
                        FR_CURL_REQUEST_SET_OPTION(CURLOPT_NOPROXY, "*");
                } else {
                        FR_CURL_REQUEST_SET_OPTION(CURLOPT_PROXY, section->request.proxy);
                }
        }
        FR_CURL_REQUEST_SET_OPTION(CURLOPT_NOSIGNAL, 1L);
        FR_CURL_REQUEST_SET_OPTION(CURLOPT_USERAGENT, "FreeRADIUS " RADIUSD_VERSION_STRING);
 
        timeout = inst->conn_config.connect_timeout;
        RDEBUG3("Connect timeout is %pVs, request timeout is %pVs",
                fr_box_time_delta(timeout), fr_box_time_delta(section->timeout));
        FR_CURL_REQUEST_SET_OPTION(CURLOPT_CONNECTTIMEOUT_MS, fr_time_delta_to_msec(timeout));
        FR_CURL_REQUEST_SET_OPTION(CURLOPT_TIMEOUT_MS, fr_time_delta_to_msec(section->timeout));
 
        /*
         *      FreeRADIUS custom headers
         */
        RDEBUG3("Adding custom headers:");
        snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "X-FreeRADIUS-Section: %s", section->name);
        if (unlikely(rest_request_config_add_header(request, randle, buffer, false) < 0)) return -1;
 
        snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "X-FreeRADIUS-Server: %s", cf_section_name2(unlang_call_current(request)));
        if (unlikely(rest_request_config_add_header(request, randle, buffer, false) < 0)) return -1;
 
        /*
         *      Add in the section headers
         */
        if (call_env->request.header) {
                size_t len = talloc_array_length(call_env->request.header), i;
                for (i = 0; i < len; i++) {
                        fr_value_box_list_foreach(&call_env->request.header[i], header) {
                                if (unlikely(rest_request_config_add_header(request, randle, header->vb_strvalue, true) < 0)) return -1;
                        }
                }
        }
 
        /*
         *      Add in dynamic headers from the request
         */
        {
                fr_pair_t       *header;
                fr_dcursor_t    header_cursor;
 
                for (header =  fr_pair_dcursor_by_da_init(&header_cursor, &request->control_pairs, attr_rest_http_header);
                     header;
                     header = fr_dcursor_current(&header_cursor)) {
                        header = fr_dcursor_remove(&header_cursor);
                        if (unlikely(rest_request_config_add_header(request, randle, header->vp_strvalue, true) < 0)) return -1;
 
                        talloc_free(header);
                }
        }
 
        if (!rest_request_contains_header(randle, "Content-Type:")) {
                /*
                 *  HTTP/1.1 doesn't require a content type so only set it
                 *  if where body type requires it, and we haven't set one
                 *  already from attributes.
                 */
                if (type != REST_HTTP_BODY_NONE) {
                        char const *content_type = fr_table_str_by_value(http_content_type_table, type, section->request.body_str);
                        snprintf(buffer, sizeof(buffer), "Content-Type: %s", content_type);
                        if (unlikely(rest_request_config_add_header(request, randle, buffer, false) < 0)) return -1;
 
                        RDEBUG3("Request body content-type will be \"%s\"", content_type);
                }
        }
 
        /*
         *      Configure HTTP verb (GET, POST, PUT, PATCH, DELETE, other...)
         */
        switch (method) {
        case REST_HTTP_METHOD_GET:
                FR_CURL_REQUEST_SET_OPTION(CURLOPT_HTTPGET, 1L);
                break;
 
        case REST_HTTP_METHOD_POST:
                FR_CURL_REQUEST_SET_OPTION(CURLOPT_POST, 1L);
                break;
 
        case REST_HTTP_METHOD_PUT:
                /*
                 *      Do not set CURLOPT_PUT, this will cause libcurl
                 *      to ignore CURLOPT_POSTFIELDs and attempt to read
                 *      whatever was set with CURLOPT_READDATA, which by
                 *      default is stdin.
                 *
                 *      This is many cases will cause the server to block,
                 *      indefinitely.
                 */
                FR_CURL_REQUEST_SET_OPTION(CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST, "PUT");
                break;
 
        case REST_HTTP_METHOD_PATCH:
                FR_CURL_REQUEST_SET_OPTION(CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST, "PATCH");
                break;
 
        case REST_HTTP_METHOD_DELETE:
                FR_CURL_REQUEST_SET_OPTION(CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST, "DELETE");
                break;
 
        case REST_HTTP_METHOD_CUSTOM:
                FR_CURL_REQUEST_SET_OPTION(CURLOPT_CUSTOMREQUEST, section->request.method_str);
                break;
 
        default:
                fr_assert(0);
                break;
        }
 
        /*
         *      Set user based authentication parameters
         */
        if (auth > REST_HTTP_AUTH_NONE) {
 
#define SET_AUTH_OPTION(_x, _y)\
do {\
        if ((ret = curl_easy_setopt(candle, _x, _y)) != CURLE_OK) {\
                option = STRINGIFY(_x);\
                REDEBUG("Failed setting curl option %s: %s (%i)", option, curl_easy_strerror(ret), ret); \
                goto error;\
        }\
} while (0)
                RDEBUG3("Configuring HTTP auth type %s, user \"%pV\", password \"%pV\"",
                        fr_table_str_by_value(http_auth_table, auth, "<INVALID>"),
                        call_env->request.username ? call_env->request.username : fr_box_strvalue("(none)"),
                        call_env->request.password ? call_env->request.password : fr_box_strvalue("(none)"));
 
                /*
                 *      FIXME - We probably want to escape \0s here...
                 */
                if ((auth >= REST_HTTP_AUTH_BASIC) && (auth <= REST_HTTP_AUTH_ANY_SAFE)) {
                        SET_AUTH_OPTION(CURLOPT_HTTPAUTH, http_curl_auth[auth]);
                        if (call_env->request.username) SET_AUTH_OPTION(CURLOPT_USERNAME, call_env->request.username->vb_strvalue);
                        if (call_env->request.password) SET_AUTH_OPTION(CURLOPT_PASSWORD, call_env->request.password->vb_strvalue);
                } else if (auth == REST_HTTP_AUTH_TLS_SRP) {
                        SET_AUTH_OPTION(CURLOPT_TLSAUTH_TYPE, "SRP");
                        if (call_env->request.username) SET_AUTH_OPTION(CURLOPT_TLSAUTH_USERNAME, call_env->request.username->vb_strvalue);
                        if (call_env->request.password) SET_AUTH_OPTION(CURLOPT_TLSAUTH_PASSWORD, call_env->request.password->vb_strvalue);
                }
        }
 
        /*
         *      Set SSL/TLS authentication parameters
         */
        fr_curl_easy_tls_init(randle, &section->tls);
 
        /*
         *      Tell CURL how to get HTTP body content, and how to process incoming data.
         */
        rest_response_init(section, request, &ctx->response, type, call_env->response.header);
 
        FR_CURL_REQUEST_SET_OPTION(CURLOPT_HEADERFUNCTION, rest_response_header);
        FR_CURL_REQUEST_SET_OPTION(CURLOPT_HEADERDATA, &ctx->response);
        FR_CURL_REQUEST_SET_OPTION(CURLOPT_WRITEFUNCTION, rest_response_body);
        FR_CURL_REQUEST_SET_OPTION(CURLOPT_WRITEDATA, &ctx->response);
 
        /*
         *  Force parsing the body text as a particular encoding.
         */
        ctx->response.force_to = section->response.force_to;
 
        switch (method) {
        case REST_HTTP_METHOD_GET:
        case REST_HTTP_METHOD_DELETE:
                RDEBUG3("Using a HTTP method which does not require a body.  Forcing request body type to \"none\"");
                goto finish;
 
        case REST_HTTP_METHOD_POST:
        case REST_HTTP_METHOD_PUT:
        case REST_HTTP_METHOD_PATCH:
        case REST_HTTP_METHOD_CUSTOM:
                if (section->request.chunk > 0) {
                        ctx->request.chunk = section->request.chunk;
 
                        if (unlikely(rest_request_config_add_header(request, randle, "Transfer-Encoding: chunked", false) < 0)) return -1;
                }
 
                break;
 
        default:
                fr_assert(0);
        }
 
        /*
         *  Setup encoder specific options
         */
        switch (type) {
        case REST_HTTP_BODY_NONE:
                if (rest_request_config_body(mctx, section, request, randle, NULL) < 0) return -1;
 
                break;
 
        case REST_HTTP_BODY_CUSTOM:
        {
                rest_custom_data_t *data;
 
                data = talloc_zero(request, rest_custom_data_t);
                data->p = data->start = body_data;
                data->len = talloc_strlen(body_data);
 
                /* Use the encoder specific pointer to store the data we need to encode */
                ctx->request.encoder = data;
                if (rest_request_config_body(mctx, section, request, randle, rest_encode_custom) < 0) {
                        TALLOC_FREE(ctx->request.encoder);
                        return -1;
                }
        }
                break;
 
#ifdef HAVE_JSON
        case REST_HTTP_BODY_JSON:
        {
                rest_custom_data_t *data;
 
                data = talloc_zero(request, rest_custom_data_t);
                ctx->request.encoder = data;
 
                rest_request_init(section, request, &ctx->request);
 
                if (rest_request_config_body(mctx, section, request, randle, rest_encode_json) < 0) return -1;
        }
 
                break;
#endif
 
        case REST_HTTP_BODY_POST:
                rest_request_init(section, request, &ctx->request);
                fr_pair_dcursor_init(&(ctx->request.cursor), &request->request_pairs);
 
                if (rest_request_config_body(mctx, section, request, randle, rest_encode_post) < 0) return -1;
 
                break;
 
        default:
                fr_assert(0);
        }
 
 
finish:
        FR_CURL_REQUEST_SET_OPTION(CURLOPT_HTTPHEADER, ctx->headers);
 
        return 0;
 
error:
        return -1;
}
 
/** Sends the response to the correct decode function.
 *
 * Uses the Content-Type information written in rest_response_header to
 * determine the correct decode function to use. The decode function will
 * then convert the raw received data into fr_pair_ts.
 *
 * @param[in] instance  configuration data.
 * @param[in] section   configuration data.
 * @param[in] request   Current request.
 * @param[in] randle    to use.
 * @return
 *      - 0 on success.
 *      - -1 on failure.
 */
int rest_response_decode(rlm_rest_t const *instance, rlm_rest_section_t const *section,
                         request_t *request, fr_curl_io_request_t *randle)
{
        rlm_rest_curl_context_t *ctx = talloc_get_type_abort(randle->uctx, rlm_rest_curl_context_t);
 
        int ret = -1;   /* -Wsometimes-uninitialized */
 
        if (!ctx->response.buffer) {
                RDEBUG2("Skipping attribute processing, no valid body data received");
                return 0;
        }
 
        switch (ctx->response.type) {
        case REST_HTTP_BODY_NONE:
                return 0;
 
        case REST_HTTP_BODY_PLAIN:
                ret = rest_decode_plain(instance, section, request, randle, ctx->response.buffer, ctx->response.used);
                break;
 
        case REST_HTTP_BODY_POST:
                ret = rest_decode_post(instance, section, request, randle, ctx->response.buffer, ctx->response.used);
                break;
 
#ifdef HAVE_JSON
        case REST_HTTP_BODY_JSON:
                ret = rest_decode_json(instance, section, request, randle, ctx->response.buffer, ctx->response.used);
                break;
#endif
 
        case REST_HTTP_BODY_UNSUPPORTED:
        case REST_HTTP_BODY_UNAVAILABLE:
        case REST_HTTP_BODY_INVALID:
                return -1;
 
        default:
                fr_assert(0);
        }
 
        return ret;
}
 
/** URL encodes a string.
 *
 * Encode special chars as per RFC 3986 section 4.
 *
 * @param[in] request   Current request.
 * @param[out] out      Where to write escaped string.
 * @param[in] outlen    Size of out buffer.
 * @param[in] raw       string to be urlencoded.
 * @param[in] arg       pointer, gives context for escaping.
 * @return length of data written to out (excluding NULL).
 */
size_t rest_uri_escape(UNUSED request_t *request, char *out, size_t outlen, char const *raw, UNUSED void *arg)
{
        char *escaped;
 
        escaped = curl_escape(raw, 0);
        strlcpy(out, escaped, outlen);
        curl_free(escaped);
 
        return strlen(out);
}
 
/** Unescapes the host portion of a URI string
 *
 * This is required because the xlat functions which operate on the input string
 * cannot distinguish between host and path components.
 *
 * @param[out] out      Where to write the pointer to the new
 *                      buffer containing the escaped URI.
 * @param[in] inst      of rlm_rest.
 * @param[in] request   Current request
 * @param[in] randle    to use.
 * @param[in] uri       configuration data.
 * @return
 *      - Length of data written to buffer (excluding NULL).
 *      - < 0 if an error occurred.
 */
ssize_t rest_uri_host_unescape(char **out, UNUSED rlm_rest_t const *inst, request_t *request,
                               fr_curl_io_request_t *randle, char const *uri)
{
        CURL                    *candle = randle->candle;
 
        char const              *p, *q;
 
        char                    *scheme;
 
        ssize_t                 len;
 
        p = uri;
 
        /*
         *  All URLs must contain at least <scheme>://<server>/
         */
        p = strchr(p, ':');
        if (!p || (*++p != '/') || (*++p != '/')) {
        malformed:
                REDEBUG("URI \"%s\" is malformed, can't find start of path", uri);
                return -1;
        }
        p = strchr(p + 1, '/');
        if (!p) {
                goto malformed;
        }
 
        len = (p - uri);
 
        /*
         *  Unescape any special sequences in the first part of the URI
         */
        scheme = curl_easy_unescape(candle, uri, len, NULL);
        if (!scheme) {
                REDEBUG("Error unescaping host");
                return -1;
        }
 
        /*
         *  URIs can't contain spaces, so anything after the space must
         *  be something else.
         */
        q = strchr(p, ' ');
        *out = q ? talloc_typed_asprintf(request, "%s%.*s", scheme, (int)(q - p), p) :
                   talloc_typed_asprintf(request, "%s%s", scheme, p);
 
        MEM(*out);
        curl_free(scheme);
 
        return talloc_array_length(*out) - 1;   /* array_length includes \0 */
}